Update test scripts to actually perform reset. (#1909)

examples/platforms/posix/misc.c

@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ void otPlatReset(otInstance *aInstance)
 
     argv[gArgumentsCount] = NULL;
 
+    platformRadioDeinit();
     platformUartRestore();
 
     execvp(argv[0], argv);

examples/platforms/posix/platform-posix.h

@@ -119,6 +119,12 @@ void platformAlarmProcess(otInstance *aInstance);
  */
 void platformRadioInit(void);
 
+/**
+ * This function deinitializes the radio service used by OpenThread.
+ *
+ */
+void platformRadioDeinit(void);
+
 /**
  * This function updates the file descriptor sets with file descriptors used by the radio driver.
  *

examples/platforms/posix/radio.c

@@ -375,6 +375,11 @@ void platformRadioInit(void)
     sAckFrame.mPsdu = sAckMessage.mPsdu;
 }
 
+void platformRadioDeinit(void)
+{
+    close(sSockFd);
+}
+
 bool otPlatRadioIsEnabled(otInstance *aInstance)
 {
     (void)aInstance;

tests/scripts/thread-cert/Cert_5_1_05_RouterAddressTimeout.py

@@ -54,13 +54,16 @@ class Cert_5_1_05_RouterAddressTimeout(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.nodes[ROUTER1].set_panid(0xface)
         self.nodes[ROUTER1].set_mode('rsdn')
-        self.nodes[ROUTER1].add_whitelist(self.nodes[LEADER].get_addr64())
+        self._setUpRouter1()
-        self.nodes[ROUTER1].enable_whitelist()
-        self.nodes[ROUTER1].set_router_selection_jitter(1)
 
         self.sniffer = config.create_default_thread_sniffer(SNIFFER)
         self.sniffer.start()
 
+    def _setUpRouter1(self):
+        self.nodes[ROUTER1].add_whitelist(self.nodes[LEADER].get_addr64())
+        self.nodes[ROUTER1].enable_whitelist()
+        self.nodes[ROUTER1].set_router_selection_jitter(1)
+
     def tearDown(self):
         self.sniffer.stop()
         del self.sniffer
@@ -81,7 +84,8 @@ class Cert_5_1_05_RouterAddressTimeout(unittest.TestCase):
 
         rloc16 = self.nodes[ROUTER1].get_addr16()
 
-        self.nodes[ROUTER1].stop()
+        self.nodes[ROUTER1].reset()
+        self._setUpRouter1()
         time.sleep(200)
         self.nodes[ROUTER1].start()
         time.sleep(5)
@@ -89,8 +93,8 @@ class Cert_5_1_05_RouterAddressTimeout(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertNotEqual(self.nodes[ROUTER1].get_addr16(), rloc16)
 
         rloc16 = self.nodes[ROUTER1].get_addr16()
-
+        self.nodes[ROUTER1].reset()
-        self.nodes[ROUTER1].stop()
+        self._setUpRouter1()
         time.sleep(300)
         self.nodes[ROUTER1].start()
         time.sleep(5)

tests/scripts/thread-cert/Cert_5_1_13_RouterReset.py

@@ -53,13 +53,16 @@ class Cert_5_1_13_RouterReset(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.nodes[ROUTER].set_panid(0xface)
         self.nodes[ROUTER].set_mode('rsdn')
-        self.nodes[ROUTER].add_whitelist(self.nodes[LEADER].get_addr64())
+        self._setUpRouter()
-        self.nodes[ROUTER].enable_whitelist()
-        self.nodes[ROUTER].set_router_selection_jitter(1)
 
         self.sniffer = config.create_default_thread_sniffer(SNIFFER)
         self.sniffer.start()
 
+    def _setUpRouter(self):
+        self.nodes[ROUTER].add_whitelist(self.nodes[LEADER].get_addr64())
+        self.nodes[ROUTER].enable_whitelist()
+        self.nodes[ROUTER].set_router_selection_jitter(1)
+
     def tearDown(self):
         self.sniffer.stop()
         del self.sniffer
@@ -80,7 +83,8 @@ class Cert_5_1_13_RouterReset(unittest.TestCase):
 
         rloc16 = self.nodes[ROUTER].get_addr16()
 
-        self.nodes[ROUTER].stop()
+        self.nodes[ROUTER].reset()
+        self._setUpRouter()
         time.sleep(5)
 
         self.nodes[ROUTER].start()

tests/scripts/thread-cert/Cert_5_3_06_RouterIdMask.py

@@ -56,6 +56,9 @@ class Cert_5_3_6_RouterIdMask(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.nodes[ROUTER2].set_panid(0xface)
         self.nodes[ROUTER2].set_mode('rsdn')
+        self._setUpRouter2()
+
+    def _setUpRouter2(self):
         self.nodes[ROUTER2].add_whitelist(self.nodes[ROUTER1].get_addr64())
         self.nodes[ROUTER2].enable_whitelist()
         self.nodes[ROUTER2].set_router_selection_jitter(1)
@@ -78,7 +81,8 @@ class Cert_5_3_6_RouterIdMask(unittest.TestCase):
         time.sleep(5)
         self.assertEqual(self.nodes[ROUTER2].get_state(), 'router')
 
-        self.nodes[ROUTER2].stop()
+        self.nodes[ROUTER2].reset()
+        self._setUpRouter2()
 
         time.sleep(300)
 

tests/scripts/thread-cert/Cert_5_5_01_LeaderReset.py

@@ -43,8 +43,7 @@ class Cert_5_5_1_LeaderReset(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.nodes[LEADER].set_panid(0xface)
         self.nodes[LEADER].set_mode('rsdn')
-        self.nodes[LEADER].add_whitelist(self.nodes[ROUTER].get_addr64())
+        self._setUpLeader()
-        self.nodes[LEADER].enable_whitelist()
 
         self.nodes[ROUTER].set_panid(0xface)
         self.nodes[ROUTER].set_mode('rsdn')
@@ -52,6 +51,10 @@ class Cert_5_5_1_LeaderReset(unittest.TestCase):
         self.nodes[ROUTER].enable_whitelist()
         self.nodes[ROUTER].set_router_selection_jitter(1)
 
+    def _setUpLeader(self):
+        self.nodes[LEADER].add_whitelist(self.nodes[ROUTER].get_addr64())
+        self.nodes[LEADER].enable_whitelist()
+
     def tearDown(self):
         for node in list(self.nodes.values()):
             node.stop()
@@ -68,7 +71,8 @@ class Cert_5_5_1_LeaderReset(unittest.TestCase):
 
         rloc16 = self.nodes[LEADER].get_addr16()
 
-        self.nodes[LEADER].stop();
+        self.nodes[LEADER].reset();
+        self._setUpLeader()
         time.sleep(5)
 
         self.nodes[LEADER].start()

tests/scripts/thread-cert/Cert_5_5_02_LeaderReboot.py

@@ -44,9 +44,7 @@ class Cert_5_5_2_LeaderReboot(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.nodes[LEADER].set_panid(0xface)
         self.nodes[LEADER].set_mode('rsdn')
-        self.nodes[LEADER].add_whitelist(self.nodes[ROUTER].get_addr64())
+        self._setUpLeader()
-        self.nodes[LEADER].enable_whitelist()
-        self.nodes[LEADER].set_router_selection_jitter(1)
 
         self.nodes[ROUTER].set_panid(0xface)
         self.nodes[ROUTER].set_mode('rsdn')
@@ -60,6 +58,11 @@ class Cert_5_5_2_LeaderReboot(unittest.TestCase):
         self.nodes[ED].add_whitelist(self.nodes[ROUTER].get_addr64())
         self.nodes[ED].enable_whitelist()
 
+    def _setUpLeader(self):
+        self.nodes[LEADER].add_whitelist(self.nodes[ROUTER].get_addr64())
+        self.nodes[LEADER].enable_whitelist()
+        self.nodes[LEADER].set_router_selection_jitter(1)        
+
     def tearDown(self):
         for node in list(self.nodes.values()):
             node.stop()
@@ -78,7 +81,8 @@ class Cert_5_5_2_LeaderReboot(unittest.TestCase):
         time.sleep(5)
         self.assertEqual(self.nodes[ED].get_state(), 'child')
 
-        self.nodes[LEADER].stop()
+        self.nodes[LEADER].reset()
+        self._setUpLeader()
         time.sleep(140)
         self.assertEqual(self.nodes[ROUTER].get_state(), 'leader')
 

tests/scripts/thread-cert/Cert_5_5_03_SplitMergeChildren.py

@@ -47,11 +47,7 @@ class Cert_5_5_3_SplitMergeChildren(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.nodes[LEADER].set_panid(0xface)
         self.nodes[LEADER].set_mode('rsdn')
-        self.nodes[LEADER].add_whitelist(self.nodes[ROUTER1].get_addr64())
+        self._setUpLeader()
-        self.nodes[LEADER].add_whitelist(self.nodes[ROUTER2].get_addr64())
-        self.nodes[LEADER].add_whitelist(self.nodes[ED1].get_addr64())
-        self.nodes[LEADER].enable_whitelist()
-        self.nodes[LEADER].set_router_selection_jitter(1)
 
         self.nodes[ROUTER1].set_panid(0xface)
         self.nodes[ROUTER1].set_mode('rsdn')
@@ -82,6 +78,13 @@ class Cert_5_5_3_SplitMergeChildren(unittest.TestCase):
         self.nodes[ED3].add_whitelist(self.nodes[ROUTER1].get_addr64())
         self.nodes[ED3].enable_whitelist()
 
+    def _setUpLeader(self):
+        self.nodes[LEADER].add_whitelist(self.nodes[ROUTER1].get_addr64())
+        self.nodes[LEADER].add_whitelist(self.nodes[ROUTER2].get_addr64())
+        self.nodes[LEADER].add_whitelist(self.nodes[ED1].get_addr64())
+        self.nodes[LEADER].enable_whitelist()
+        self.nodes[LEADER].set_router_selection_jitter(1)
+
     def tearDown(self):
         for node in list(self.nodes.values()):
             node.stop()
@@ -112,7 +115,8 @@ class Cert_5_5_3_SplitMergeChildren(unittest.TestCase):
         time.sleep(5)
         self.assertEqual(self.nodes[ED3].get_state(), 'child')
 
-        self.nodes[LEADER].stop()
+        self.nodes[LEADER].reset()
+        self._setUpLeader()
 
         self.nodes[ED1].add_whitelist(self.nodes[ROUTER1].get_addr64())
         self.nodes[ROUTER1].add_whitelist(self.nodes[ED1].get_addr64())

tests/scripts/thread-cert/Cert_5_5_04_SplitMergeRouters.py

@@ -46,10 +46,7 @@ class Cert_5_5_4_SplitMergeRouters(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.nodes[LEADER].set_panid(0xface)
         self.nodes[LEADER].set_mode('rsdn')
-        self.nodes[LEADER].add_whitelist(self.nodes[ROUTER1].get_addr64())
+        self._setUpLeader()
-        self.nodes[LEADER].add_whitelist(self.nodes[ROUTER2].get_addr64())
-        self.nodes[LEADER].enable_whitelist()
-        self.nodes[LEADER].set_router_selection_jitter(1)
 
         self.nodes[ROUTER1].set_panid(0xface)
         self.nodes[ROUTER1].set_mode('rsdn')
@@ -77,6 +74,12 @@ class Cert_5_5_4_SplitMergeRouters(unittest.TestCase):
         self.nodes[ROUTER4].enable_whitelist()
         self.nodes[ROUTER4].set_router_selection_jitter(1)
 
+    def _setUpLeader(self):
+        self.nodes[LEADER].add_whitelist(self.nodes[ROUTER1].get_addr64())
+        self.nodes[LEADER].add_whitelist(self.nodes[ROUTER2].get_addr64())
+        self.nodes[LEADER].enable_whitelist()
+        self.nodes[LEADER].set_router_selection_jitter(1)        
+
     def tearDown(self):
         for node in list(self.nodes.values()):
             node.stop()
@@ -103,7 +106,8 @@ class Cert_5_5_4_SplitMergeRouters(unittest.TestCase):
         time.sleep(5)
         self.assertEqual(self.nodes[ROUTER4].get_state(), 'router')
 
-        self.nodes[LEADER].stop()
+        self.nodes[LEADER].reset()
+        self._setUpLeader()
         time.sleep(150)
 
         self.nodes[LEADER].start()

tests/scripts/thread-cert/Cert_5_5_07_SplitMergeThreeWay.py

@@ -45,11 +45,7 @@ class Cert_5_5_7_SplitMergeThreeWay(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.nodes[LEADER1].set_panid(0xface)
         self.nodes[LEADER1].set_mode('rsdn')
-        self.nodes[LEADER1].add_whitelist(self.nodes[ROUTER1].get_addr64())
+        self._setUpLeader1()
-        self.nodes[LEADER1].add_whitelist(self.nodes[ROUTER2].get_addr64())
-        self.nodes[LEADER1].add_whitelist(self.nodes[ROUTER3].get_addr64())
-        self.nodes[LEADER1].enable_whitelist()
-        self.nodes[LEADER1].set_router_selection_jitter(1)
 
         self.nodes[ROUTER1].set_panid(0xface)
         self.nodes[ROUTER1].set_mode('rsdn')
@@ -69,6 +65,13 @@ class Cert_5_5_7_SplitMergeThreeWay(unittest.TestCase):
         self.nodes[ROUTER3].enable_whitelist()
         self.nodes[ROUTER3].set_router_selection_jitter(1)
 
+    def _setUpLeader1(self):
+        self.nodes[LEADER1].add_whitelist(self.nodes[ROUTER1].get_addr64())
+        self.nodes[LEADER1].add_whitelist(self.nodes[ROUTER2].get_addr64())
+        self.nodes[LEADER1].add_whitelist(self.nodes[ROUTER3].get_addr64())
+        self.nodes[LEADER1].enable_whitelist()
+        self.nodes[LEADER1].set_router_selection_jitter(1)
+
     def tearDown(self):
         for node in list(self.nodes.values()):
             node.stop()
@@ -91,7 +94,8 @@ class Cert_5_5_7_SplitMergeThreeWay(unittest.TestCase):
         time.sleep(5)
         self.assertEqual(self.nodes[ROUTER3].get_state(), 'router')
 
-        self.nodes[LEADER1].stop()
+        self.nodes[LEADER1].reset()
+        self._setUpLeader1()
         time.sleep(140)
 
         self.nodes[LEADER1].start()

tests/scripts/thread-cert/Cert_5_5_08_SplitRoutersLostLeader.py

@@ -51,11 +51,7 @@ class Cert_5_5_8_SplitRoutersLostLeader(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.nodes[ROUTER3].set_panid(0xface)
         self.nodes[ROUTER3].set_mode('rsdn')
-        self.nodes[ROUTER3].add_whitelist(self.nodes[LEADER1].get_addr64())
+        self._setUpRouter3()
-        self.nodes[ROUTER3].add_whitelist(self.nodes[ROUTER2].get_addr64())
-        self.nodes[ROUTER3].add_whitelist(self.nodes[ROUTER1].get_addr64())
-        self.nodes[ROUTER3].enable_whitelist()
-        self.nodes[ROUTER3].set_router_selection_jitter(1)
 
         self.nodes[ROUTER2].set_panid(0xface)
         self.nodes[ROUTER2].set_mode('rsdn')
@@ -77,6 +73,13 @@ class Cert_5_5_8_SplitRoutersLostLeader(unittest.TestCase):
         self.nodes[ED1].add_whitelist(self.nodes[ROUTER1].get_addr64())
         self.nodes[ED1].enable_whitelist()
 
+    def _setUpRouter3(self):
+        self.nodes[ROUTER3].add_whitelist(self.nodes[LEADER1].get_addr64())
+        self.nodes[ROUTER3].add_whitelist(self.nodes[ROUTER2].get_addr64())
+        self.nodes[ROUTER3].add_whitelist(self.nodes[ROUTER1].get_addr64())
+        self.nodes[ROUTER3].enable_whitelist()
+        self.nodes[ROUTER3].set_router_selection_jitter(1)
+
     def tearDown(self):
         for node in list(self.nodes.values()):
             node.stop()
@@ -108,7 +111,8 @@ class Cert_5_5_8_SplitRoutersLostLeader(unittest.TestCase):
             if addr[0:4] != 'fe80':
                 self.assertTrue(self.nodes[LEADER1].ping(addr))
 
-        self.nodes[ROUTER3].stop()
+        self.nodes[ROUTER3].reset()
+        self._setUpRouter3()
         time.sleep(140)
 
         self.nodes[ROUTER3].start()        

tests/scripts/thread-cert/Cert_6_5_01_ChildResetSynchronize.py

@@ -49,8 +49,11 @@ class Cert_6_5_1_ChildResetSynchronize(unittest.TestCase):
         self.nodes[ED].set_panid(0xface)
         self.nodes[ED].set_mode('rsn')
         self.nodes[ED].set_timeout(3)
+        self._setUpEd()
+
+    def _setUpEd(self):
         self.nodes[ED].add_whitelist(self.nodes[LEADER].get_addr64())
-        self.nodes[ED].enable_whitelist()
+        self.nodes[ED].enable_whitelist()        
 
     def tearDown(self):
         for node in list(self.nodes.values()):
@@ -66,7 +69,8 @@ class Cert_6_5_1_ChildResetSynchronize(unittest.TestCase):
         time.sleep(5)
         self.assertEqual(self.nodes[ED].get_state(), 'child')
 
-        self.nodes[ED].stop()
+        self.nodes[ED].reset()
+        self._setUpEd()
         time.sleep(5)
 
         self.nodes[ED].set_timeout(100)
@@ -74,8 +78,10 @@ class Cert_6_5_1_ChildResetSynchronize(unittest.TestCase):
         time.sleep(5)
         self.assertEqual(self.nodes[ED].get_state(), 'child')
 
-        self.nodes[ED].stop()
+        self.nodes[ED].reset()
+        self._setUpEd()
         time.sleep(5)
+        self.nodes[ED].set_timeout(100)
         self.nodes[ED].start()
         time.sleep(5)
         self.assertEqual(self.nodes[ED].get_state(), 'child')

tests/scripts/thread-cert/Cert_6_5_02_ChildResetReattach.py

@@ -48,6 +48,9 @@ class Cert_6_5_2_ChildResetReattach(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.nodes[ED].set_panid(0xface)
         self.nodes[ED].set_mode('rsn')
+        self._setUpEd()
+
+    def _setUpEd(self):
         self.nodes[ED].add_whitelist(self.nodes[LEADER].get_addr64())
         self.nodes[ED].enable_whitelist()
 
@@ -68,7 +71,8 @@ class Cert_6_5_2_ChildResetReattach(unittest.TestCase):
         self.nodes[LEADER].remove_whitelist(self.nodes[ED].get_addr64())
         self.nodes[ED].remove_whitelist(self.nodes[LEADER].get_addr64())
 
-        self.nodes[ED].stop()
+        self.nodes[ED].reset()
+        self._setUpEd()
         time.sleep(5)
         self.nodes[ED].start()
 

tests/scripts/thread-cert/Cert_9_2_08_PersistentDatasets.py

@@ -67,18 +67,27 @@ class Cert_9_2_8_DelayTimer(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.nodes[ROUTER].set_active_dataset(LEADER_ACTIVE_TIMESTAMP, panid=PANID_INIT, channel=CHANNEL_INIT)
         self.nodes[ROUTER].set_mode('rsdn')
+        self._setUpRouter()
+
+        self.nodes[ED].set_active_dataset(LEADER_ACTIVE_TIMESTAMP, panid=PANID_INIT, channel=CHANNEL_INIT)
+        self.nodes[ED].set_mode('rsn')
+        self._setUpEd()
+
+        self.nodes[SED].set_active_dataset(LEADER_ACTIVE_TIMESTAMP, panid=PANID_INIT, channel=CHANNEL_INIT)
+        self.nodes[SED].set_mode('s')
+        self._setUpSed()
+
+    def _setUpRouter(self):
         self.nodes[ROUTER].add_whitelist(self.nodes[LEADER].get_addr64())
         self.nodes[ROUTER].enable_whitelist()
         self.nodes[ROUTER].set_router_selection_jitter(1)
 
-        self.nodes[ED].set_active_dataset(LEADER_ACTIVE_TIMESTAMP, panid=PANID_INIT, channel=CHANNEL_INIT)
+    def _setUpEd(self):
-        self.nodes[ED].set_mode('rsn')
         self.nodes[ED].add_whitelist(self.nodes[LEADER].get_addr64())
         self.nodes[ED].enable_whitelist()
         self.nodes[ED].set_timeout(3)
 
-        self.nodes[SED].set_active_dataset(LEADER_ACTIVE_TIMESTAMP, panid=PANID_INIT, channel=CHANNEL_INIT)
+    def _setUpSed(self):
-        self.nodes[SED].set_mode('s')
         self.nodes[SED].add_whitelist(self.nodes[LEADER].get_addr64())
         self.nodes[SED].enable_whitelist()
         self.nodes[SED].set_timeout(3)
@@ -119,9 +128,12 @@ class Cert_9_2_8_DelayTimer(unittest.TestCase):
                                                        panid=COMMISSIONER_PENDING_PANID)
         time.sleep(5)
 
-        self.nodes[ROUTER].stop()
+        self.nodes[ROUTER].reset()
-        self.nodes[ED].stop()
+        self._setUpRouter()
-        self.nodes[SED].stop()
+        self.nodes[ED].reset()
+        self._setUpEd()
+        self.nodes[SED].reset()
+        self._setUpSed()
 
         time.sleep(60)
 

tests/scripts/thread-cert/Cert_9_2_15_PendingPartition.py

@@ -71,6 +71,9 @@ class Cert_9_2_15_PendingPartition(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.nodes[ROUTER2].set_active_dataset(15, channel=CHANNEL_INIT, panid=PANID_INIT)
         self.nodes[ROUTER2].set_mode('rsdn')
+        self._setUpRouter2()
+
+    def _setUpRouter2(self):
         self.nodes[ROUTER2].add_whitelist(self.nodes[ROUTER1].get_addr64())
         self.nodes[ROUTER2].enable_whitelist()
         self.nodes[ROUTER2].set_router_selection_jitter(1)
@@ -105,7 +108,8 @@ class Cert_9_2_15_PendingPartition(unittest.TestCase):
         time.sleep(5)
         self.assertEqual(self.nodes[ROUTER2].get_state(), 'router')
 
-        self.nodes[ROUTER2].stop()
+        self.nodes[ROUTER2].reset()
+        self._setUpRouter2()
 
         self.nodes[COMMISSIONER].send_mgmt_pending_set(pending_timestamp=20,
                                                        active_timestamp=80,

tests/scripts/thread-cert/Cert_9_2_16_ActivePendingPartition.py

@@ -72,6 +72,9 @@ class Cert_9_2_16_ActivePendingPartition(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.nodes[ROUTER2].set_active_dataset(1, channel=CHANNEL_INIT, panid=PANID_INIT)
         self.nodes[ROUTER2].set_mode('rsdn')
+        self._setUpRouter2()
+
+    def _setUpRouter2(self):
         self.nodes[ROUTER2].add_whitelist(self.nodes[ROUTER1].get_addr64())
         self.nodes[ROUTER2].enable_whitelist()
         self.nodes[ROUTER2].set_router_selection_jitter(1)
@@ -106,7 +109,8 @@ class Cert_9_2_16_ActivePendingPartition(unittest.TestCase):
         time.sleep(5)
         self.assertEqual(self.nodes[ROUTER2].get_state(), 'router')
 
-        self.nodes[ROUTER2].stop()
+        self.nodes[ROUTER2].reset()
+        self._setUpRouter2()
 
         self.nodes[COMMISSIONER].send_mgmt_pending_set(pending_timestamp=20,
                                                        active_timestamp=20,

tests/scripts/thread-cert/node.py

@@ -220,6 +220,9 @@ class Node:
     def ping(self, ipaddr, num_responses=1, size=None, timeout=5000):
         return self.interface.ping(ipaddr, num_responses, size, timeout)
 
+    def reset(self):
+        return self.interface.reset()
+
     def set_router_selection_jitter(self, jitter):
         self.interface.set_router_selection_jitter(jitter)
 

tests/scripts/thread-cert/node_cli.py

@@ -444,6 +444,9 @@ class otCli:
 
         return result
 
+    def reset(self):
+        self.send_command('reset')
+
     def set_router_selection_jitter(self, jitter):
         cmd = 'routerselectionjitter %d' % jitter
         self.send_command(cmd)