Files
Jonathan Hui cf9bfb9df9 [nexus] add test 1.1.8.2.2 for on-mesh commissioner joining (#12652)
This commit adds Nexus test 1.1.8.2.2, "On Mesh Commissioner Joining
with JR, any commissioner, single (incorrect)". This test verifies
that the Commissioner correctly handles a relayed DTLS handshake
from a Joiner using an incorrect PSKd.

The test verifies that:
- The Joiner, Joiner Router, and Commissioner correctly exchange
  relayed DTLS handshake records (ClientHello, HelloVerifyRequest,
  ServerHello, etc.) via RLY_RX.ntf and RLY_TX.ntf messages.
- The Commissioner detects the incorrect PSKd after receiving the
  Client Finished message.
- The Commissioner responds with a DTLS-Alert (handshake failure
  or bad record MAC) relayed through the Joiner Router via a
  RLY_TX.ntf message.
- The session is correctly terminated without fatal alerts before
  the expected handshake failure.

Changes:
- Added tests/nexus/test_1_1_8_2_2.cpp to implement the test logic,
  using direct internal method calls and note-level logging.
- Added tests/nexus/verify_1_1_8_2_2.py to verify the captured
  pcap traffic, adhering to specified formatting and fail conditions.
- Updated tests/nexus/CMakeLists.txt and tests/nexus/run_nexus_tests.sh
  to include the new test.
2026-03-10 10:35:52 -05:00

391 lines
20 KiB
Python

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#
# Copyright (c) 2026, The OpenThread Authors.
# All rights reserved.
#
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
# documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
# 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the
# names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
# derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
# LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
# CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
# SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
# INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
# CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
# ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
#
import sys
import os
import json
# Add the current directory to sys.path to find verify_utils
CUR_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
sys.path.append(CUR_DIR)
import verify_utils
from pktverify import consts
from pktverify.packet_verifier import PacketVerifier
from pktverify.null_field import nullField
# Constants
JOINER_UDP_PORT = 49153
TMF_PORT = 61631
ALERT_LEVEL_FATAL = 2
def field_contains(field, value):
if hasattr(field, 'all_fields'):
return value in [int(f.get_default_value()) for f in field.all_fields]
elif isinstance(field, list):
return value in field
else:
try:
return int(field) == value
except (TypeError, ValueError):
return False
def _verify_rly(p, uri, router_rloc16, joiner_port=None, joiner_iid=None):
pkt = p.must_next()
assert pkt.coap.type == 1,\
f"Expected CoAP type NON (1), got {pkt.coap.type}"
assert pkt.coap.opt.uri_path_recon == uri,\
f"Expected URI {uri}, got {pkt.coap.opt.uri_path_recon}"
assert pkt.coap.tlv.joiner_dtls_encap,\
"joiner_dtls_encap missing"
if joiner_port is not None:
assert pkt.coap.tlv.joiner_udp_port == joiner_port,\
f"Expected port {joiner_port}, got {pkt.coap.tlv.joiner_udp_port}"
if joiner_iid is not None:
assert pkt.coap.tlv.joiner_iid == joiner_iid,\
f"Expected IID {joiner_iid.hex()}, got {pkt.coap.tlv.joiner_iid.hex()}"
assert pkt.coap.tlv.joiner_router_locator == router_rloc16,\
f"Expected locator {router_rloc16}, got {pkt.coap.tlv.joiner_router_locator}"
return pkt
def verify_rly_rx(p, router_rloc16, joiner_port=None, joiner_iid=None):
return _verify_rly(p, consts.RLY_RX_URI, router_rloc16, joiner_port, joiner_iid)
def verify_rly_tx(p, router_rloc16, joiner_port=None, joiner_iid=None):
return _verify_rly(p, consts.RLY_TX_URI, router_rloc16, joiner_port, joiner_iid)
def verify(pv):
# 8.2.2 On Mesh Commissioner Joining with JR, any commissioner, single (incorrect).
#
# 8.2.2.1 Topology
# (Note: A topology diagram is implicitly referenced, showing Topology A with the DUT as the
# Commissioner/Leader, a Joiner Router, and Joiner_1, and Topology B with the Commissioner/Leader, the DUT as
# the Joiner Router, and Joiner_1.)
#
# 8.2.2.2 Purpose & Description
# The purpose of this test case is to verify that the DUT sends and receives relayed DTLS traffic correctly, when
# an incorrect PSKd is used by the Joiner.
#
# Spec Reference | V1.1 Section | V1.3.0 Section
# ----------------------------------------|---------------|---------------
# Relay DTLS Traffic / Joiner Protocol | 8.4.3 / 8.4.4 | 8.4.3 / 8.4.4
pkts = pv.pkts
pv.summary.show()
COMMISSIONER = pv.vars['Commissioner']
JOINER_ROUTER = pv.vars['Joiner_Router']
COMMISSIONER_RLOC16 = pv.vars['Commissioner_RLOC16']
JOINER_ROUTER_RLOC16 = pv.vars['Joiner_Router_RLOC16']
# Step 0: All
# - Description: Form topology excluding the Joiner and including the DUT. The DUT may be joined to the network
# using either Thread Commissioning or OOB (out-of-band) Commissioning.
# - Pass Criteria: N/A.
print("Step 0: Topology formed.")
# Step 1: Joiner_1
# - Description: PSKd configured on Joiner_1 is different to PSKd configured on the Commissioner.
# - Pass Criteria: N/A.
print("Step 1: Joiner_1 configured with incorrect PSKd.")
# Step 2: Commissioner
# - Description: Begin wireless sniffer and power on the Commissioner and Joiner Router.
# - Pass Criteria: N/A.
print("Step 2: Commissioner and Joiner Router started.")
# Step 3: Joiner_1
# - Description: Initiate the DTLS-Handshake by sending a DTLS-ClientHello handshake record to the Commissioner.
# - Pass Criteria: Verify that the following details occur in the exchange between the Joiner, Joiner_Router and
# the Commissioner:
print("Step 3: Joiner_1 initiates the DTLS handshake.")
# - 1. UDP port (Specified by Commissioner in Discovery Response) is used as destination port for UDP datagrams
# from Joiner_1 to Commissioner.
print("Step 3.1: Discover Joiner Port from MLE Discovery Response.")
discovery_rsp = pkts.filter_wpan_src64(COMMISSIONER).\
filter_mle_cmd(consts.MLE_DISCOVERY_RESPONSE).\
must_next()
JOINER_PORTS = discovery_rsp.thread_meshcop.tlv.udp_port
if not isinstance(JOINER_PORTS, list):
JOINER_PORTS = [JOINER_PORTS]
JOINER_PORTS = [int(p) for p in JOINER_PORTS]
assert JOINER_UDP_PORT in JOINER_PORTS,\
f"Expected {JOINER_UDP_PORT} in {JOINER_PORTS}"
# Find the Joiner by its initial ClientHello
print("Finding Joiner from initial DTLS ClientHello")
initial_hello_pkt = pkts.filter(lambda p: p.udp.dstport == JOINER_UDP_PORT or p.udp.srcport == JOINER_UDP_PORT).\
must_next()
JOINER_1 = initial_hello_pkt.wpan.src64
pv.add_vars(JOINER_1=JOINER_1)
# - 2. Joiner_1 sends an initial DTLS-ClientHello handshake record to Joiner_Router.
print("Step 3.2: Joiner_1 sends an initial DTLS-ClientHello.")
pkts.index = (0, 0)
pkts.filter_wpan_src64(JOINER_1).\
filter_wpan_dst64(JOINER_ROUTER).\
filter(lambda p: p.udp.dstport == JOINER_UDP_PORT).\
filter(lambda p: field_contains(p.dtls.handshake.type, 1)).\
must_next()
# - 3. The Joiner_Router receives the initial DTLS-ClientHello handshake record and sends a RLY_RX.ntf message to
# the Commissioner containing:
# - CoAP URI-Path: NON POST coap://<C>/c/rx
# - CoAP Payload:
# - Joiner_1 DTLS Encapsulation TLV: Type = 17 (0x11), Length = Variable (8/16 bit size), Value = initial
# DTLS-ClientHello handshake record received from Joiner_1.
# - Joiner_1 UDP Port TLV: Type = 18 (0x12), Length = 2, Value = UDP port of Joiner_1.
# - Joiner_1 IID TLV: Type = 19 (0x13), Length = 8, Value = The IID based on the EUI-64 of Joiner_1.
# - Joiner_Router Locator TLV: Type = 20 (0x14), Length = 2, Value = RLOC of Joiner_Router.
print("Step 3.3: Joiner_Router sends RLY_RX.ntf to Commissioner.")
rly_rx_filter = pkts.filter(lambda p: p.wpan.src16 == JOINER_ROUTER_RLOC16).\
filter(lambda p: p.wpan.dst16 == COMMISSIONER_RLOC16).\
filter(lambda p: p.udp.dstport == TMF_PORT).\
filter(lambda p: p.coap.opt.uri_path_recon == consts.RLY_RX_URI)
rly_rx_pkt = verify_rly_rx(rly_rx_filter, JOINER_ROUTER_RLOC16, joiner_port=JOINER_UDP_PORT)
EXPECTED_JOINER_IID = rly_rx_pkt.coap.tlv.joiner_iid
pv.add_vars(EXPECTED_JOINER_IID=EXPECTED_JOINER_IID)
# - 4. The Commissioner receives the RLY_RX.ntf message and sends a RLY_TX.ntf message to the Joiner_Router
# containing:
# - CoAP URI-Path: NON POST coap://<C>/c/tx
# - CoAP Payload:
# - Joiner_1 DTLS Encapsulation TLV: Type = 17 (0x011), Length = Variable (8 bit size), Value =
# DTLS-HelloVerifyRequest handshake record destined for Joiner_1.
# - Joiner_1 UDP Port TLV: Type = 18 (0x12), Length = 2, Value = UDP port of Joiner_1.
# - Joiner_1 IID TLV: Type = 19 (0x13), Length = 8, Value = The IID based on the EUI-64 of Joiner_1.
# - Joiner_Router Locator TLV: Type = 20 (0x14), Length = 2, Value = RLOC of Joiner_Router.
print("Step 3.4: Commissioner sends RLY_TX.ntf to Joiner_Router.")
rly_tx_filter = pkts.filter(lambda p: p.wpan.src16 == COMMISSIONER_RLOC16).\
filter(lambda p: p.wpan.dst16 == JOINER_ROUTER_RLOC16).\
filter(lambda p: p.udp.dstport == TMF_PORT).\
filter(lambda p: p.coap.opt.uri_path_recon == consts.RLY_TX_URI)
verify_rly_tx(rly_tx_filter, JOINER_ROUTER_RLOC16, joiner_port=JOINER_UDP_PORT, joiner_iid=EXPECTED_JOINER_IID)
# - 5. The Joiner_Router receives the RLY_TX.ntf message and sends the encapsulated DTLS-HelloVerifyRequest
# handshake record in one UDP datagram to Joiner_1.
print("Step 3.5: Joiner_Router sends DTLS-HelloVerifyRequest to Joiner_1.")
pkts.index = (0, 0)
hvr_pkt = pkts.filter_wpan_src64(JOINER_ROUTER).\
filter_wpan_dst64(JOINER_1).\
filter(lambda p: p.udp.srcport == JOINER_UDP_PORT).\
filter(lambda p: field_contains(p.dtls.handshake.type, 3)).\
must_next()
COOKIE = hvr_pkt.dtls.handshake.cookie
# - 6. Joiner_1 receives the DTLS-HelloVerifyRequest handshake record and sends a subsequent DTLS-ClientHello
# handshake record in one UDP datagram to the Commissioner.
# - Verify that both DTLS-HelloVerifyRequest and subsequent DTLS-ClientHello contain the same cookie.
print("Step 3.6: Joiner_1 sends subsequent DTLS-ClientHello.")
pkts.filter_wpan_src64(JOINER_1).\
filter_wpan_dst64(JOINER_ROUTER).\
filter(lambda p: p.udp.dstport == JOINER_UDP_PORT).\
filter(lambda p: field_contains(p.dtls.handshake.type, 1)).\
filter(lambda p: p.dtls.handshake.cookie == COOKIE).\
must_next()
# - 7. The Joiner_Router receives the subsequent DTLS-ClientHello handshake record and sends a RLY_RX.ntf message
# to the Commissioner containing:
# - CoAP URI-Path: NON POST coap://<C>/c/rx
# - CoAP Payload:
# - Joiner_1 DTLS Encapsulation TLV: Type = 17 (0x11), Length = Variable (8/16 bit size), Value = subsequent
# DTLS-ClientHello handshake record received from Joiner_1.
# - Joiner_1 UDP Port TLV: Type = 18 (0x12), Length = 2, Value = UDP port of Joiner_1.
# - Joiner_1 IID TLV: Type = 19 (0x13), Length = 8, Value = The IID based on the EUI-64 of Joiner_1.
# - Joiner_Router Locator TLV: Type = 20 (0x14), Length = 2, Value = RLOC of Joiner_Router.
print("Step 3.7: Joiner_Router sends subsequent RLY_RX.ntf.")
rly_rx_filter = pkts.filter(lambda p: p.wpan.src16 == JOINER_ROUTER_RLOC16).\
filter(lambda p: p.wpan.dst16 == COMMISSIONER_RLOC16).\
filter(lambda p: p.udp.dstport == TMF_PORT).\
filter(lambda p: p.coap.opt.uri_path_recon == consts.RLY_RX_URI)
verify_rly_rx(rly_rx_filter, JOINER_ROUTER_RLOC16, joiner_port=JOINER_UDP_PORT, joiner_iid=EXPECTED_JOINER_IID)
# - 8. The Commissioner receives the RLY_RX.ntf message and sends a RLY_TX.ntf message to the Joiner_Router
# containing:
# - CoAP URI-Path: NON POST coap://<C>/c/tx
# - CoAP Payload:
# - Joiner_1 DTLS Encapsulation TLV: Type = 17 (0x11), Length = Variable (8/16 bit size), Value =
# DTLS-ServerHello, DTLS-ServerKeyExchange and DTLS-ServerHelloDone handshake records, in that order,
# destined for Joiner_1.
# - Joiner_1 UDP Port TLV: Type = 18 (0x12), Length = 2, Value = UDP port of Joiner_1.
# - Joiner_1 IID TLV: Type = 19 (0x13), Length = 8, Value = The IID based on the EUI-64 of Joiner_1.
# - Joiner_Router Locator TLV: Type = 20 (0x14), Length = 2, Value = RLOC of Joiner_Router.
print("Step 3.8: Commissioner sends subsequent RLY_TX.ntf.")
rly_tx_filter = pkts.filter(lambda p: p.wpan.src16 == COMMISSIONER_RLOC16).\
filter(lambda p: p.wpan.dst16 == JOINER_ROUTER_RLOC16).\
filter(lambda p: p.udp.dstport == TMF_PORT).\
filter(lambda p: p.coap.opt.uri_path_recon == consts.RLY_TX_URI)
verify_rly_tx(rly_tx_filter, JOINER_ROUTER_RLOC16, joiner_port=JOINER_UDP_PORT, joiner_iid=EXPECTED_JOINER_IID)
# - 9. The Joiner_Router receives the RLY_TX.ntf message and sends the encapsulated DTLS-ServerHello,
# DTLS-ServerKeyExchange and DTLS-ServerHelloDone handshake records in one UDP datagram to Joiner_1.
print("Step 3.9: Joiner_Router sends DTLS-ServerHello etc. to Joiner_1.")
pkts.index = (0, 0)
pkts.filter_wpan_src64(JOINER_ROUTER).\
filter_wpan_dst64(JOINER_1).\
filter(lambda p: p.udp.srcport == JOINER_UDP_PORT).\
filter(lambda p: field_contains(p.dtls.handshake.type, 2)).\
must_next()
# - 10. Joiner_1 receives the DTLS-ServerHello, DTLS-ServerKeyExchange and DTLS-ServerHelloDone handshake records
# and sends a DTLS-ClientKeyExchange handshake record, a DTLS-ChangeCipherSpec record and an encrypted
# DTLS-Finished handshake record, in that order, to Joiner_Router.
print("Step 3.10: Joiner_1 sends DTLS-ClientKeyExchange etc.")
pkts.filter_wpan_src64(JOINER_1).\
filter_wpan_dst64(JOINER_ROUTER).\
filter(lambda p: p.udp.dstport == JOINER_UDP_PORT).\
filter(lambda p: field_contains(p.dtls.record.content_type, 20) or\
field_contains(p.dtls.record.content_type, 22)).\
must_next()
# - 11. The Joiner_Router receives the DTLS-ClientKeyExchange handshake record, the DTLS-ChangeCipherSpec record
# and the encrypted DTLS-Finished handshake record; it then sends a RLY_RX.ntf message to the Commissioner
# containing:
# - CoAP URI-Path: NON POST coap://<C>/c/rx
# - CoAP Payload:
# - Joiner_1 DTLS Encapsulation TLV: Type = 17 (0x11), Length = Variable (8/16 bit size), Value =
# DTLS-ClientKeyExchange handshake record, DTLS-ChangeCipherSpec record and encrypted DTLS-Finished
# handshake record received from Joiner_1.
# - Joiner_1 UDP Port TLV: Type = 18 (0x12), Length = 2, Value = UDP port of Joiner_1.
# - Joiner_1 IID TLV: Type = 19 (0x13), Length = 8, Value = The IID based on the EUI-64 of Joiner_1.
# - Joiner_Router Locator TLV: Type = 20 (0x14), Length = 2, Value = RLOC of Joiner_Router.
print("Step 3.11: Joiner_Router sends RLY_RX.ntf (handshake completion).")
rly_rx_filter = pkts.filter(lambda p: p.wpan.src16 == JOINER_ROUTER_RLOC16).\
filter(lambda p: p.wpan.dst16 == COMMISSIONER_RLOC16).\
filter(lambda p: p.udp.dstport == TMF_PORT).\
filter(lambda p: p.coap.opt.uri_path_recon == consts.RLY_RX_URI)
verify_rly_rx(rly_rx_filter, JOINER_ROUTER_RLOC16, joiner_port=JOINER_UDP_PORT, joiner_iid=EXPECTED_JOINER_IID)
# - 12. The Commissioner receives the RLY_RX.ntf message and sends a RLY_TX.ntf message to the Joiner_Router
# containing:
# - CoAP URI-Path: NON POST coap://<C>/c/tx
# - CoAP Payload:
# - Joiner_1 DTLS Encapsulation TLV: Type = 17 (0x11), Length = Variable (8/16 bit size), Value = DTLS-Alert
# record with error code 40 (handshake failure) or 20 (bad record MAC) destined for Joiner_1.
# - Joiner_1 UDP Port TLV: Type = 18 (0x12), Length = 2, Value = UDP port of Joiner_1.
# - Joiner_1 IID TLV: Type = 19 (0x13), Length = 8, Value = The IID based on the EUI-64 of Joiner_1.
# - Joiner_Router Locator TLV: Type = 20 (0x14), Length = 2, Value = RLOC of Joiner_Router.
print("Step 3.12: Commissioner sends RLY_TX.ntf (DTLS-Alert).")
rly_tx_filter = pkts.filter(lambda p: p.wpan.src16 == COMMISSIONER_RLOC16).\
filter(lambda p: p.wpan.dst16 == JOINER_ROUTER_RLOC16).\
filter(lambda p: p.udp.dstport == TMF_PORT).\
filter(lambda p: p.coap.opt.uri_path_recon == consts.RLY_TX_URI)
verify_rly_tx(rly_tx_filter, JOINER_ROUTER_RLOC16, joiner_port=JOINER_UDP_PORT, joiner_iid=EXPECTED_JOINER_IID)
# - 13. The Joiner_Router receives the RLY_TX.ntf message and sends the encapsulated DTLS-Alert record with error
# code 40 (handshake failure) or 20 (bad record MAC) handshake record in one UDP datagram to Joiner_1.
print("Step 3.13: Joiner_Router sends DTLS-Alert to Joiner_1.")
pkts.index = (0, 0)
expected_alert = pkts.filter_wpan_src64(JOINER_ROUTER).\
filter_wpan_dst64(JOINER_1).\
filter(lambda p: p.udp.srcport == JOINER_UDP_PORT).\
filter(lambda p: field_contains(p.dtls.record.content_type, 21)).\
filter(lambda p: field_contains(p.dtls.alert_message_desc, 20) or\
field_contains(p.dtls.alert_message_desc, 40)).\
must_next()
# Fail Conditions:
# - 3. A DTLS-Alert record with a Fatal alert level is sent by either Joiner_1 or the Commissioner.
# Note: We check for fatal alerts *before* the expected failure alert.
print("FailCondition 3: Check for unexpected Fatal DTLS alerts.")
pkts.index = (0, 0)
pkts.filter(lambda p: hasattr(p, 'dtls')).\
filter(lambda p: p.number < expected_alert.number).\
filter(lambda p: field_contains(p.dtls.record.content_type, 21)).\
filter(lambda p: field_contains(p.dtls.alert_message_level, ALERT_LEVEL_FATAL)).\
must_not_next()
# - 4. The Content-Format option in CoAP messages is present and is not application/octet-stream (42).
print("FailCondition 4: Check for CoAP Content-Format.")
pkts.index = (0, 0)
pkts.filter(lambda p: hasattr(p, 'coap')).\
filter(lambda p: p.coap.opt_content_format is not nullField).\
filter(lambda p: int(p.coap.opt_content_format) != 42).\
must_not_next()
if __name__ == '__main__':
verify_utils.apply_patches()
json_file = os.path.abspath(sys.argv[1])
keys_file = json_file.replace('.json', '.keys')
with open(json_file, 'rt') as f:
data = json.load(f)
# Add Joiner port to DECODE_AS entries
consts.WIRESHARK_DECODE_AS_ENTRIES[f'udp.port=={JOINER_UDP_PORT}'] = 'dtls'
consts.WIRESHARK_DECODE_AS_ENTRIES[f'dtls.port=={JOINER_UDP_PORT}'] = 'coap'
wireshark_prefs = consts.WIRESHARK_OVERRIDE_PREFS.copy()
if os.path.exists(keys_file):
wireshark_prefs['tls.keylog_file'] = keys_file
existing_keys_str = wireshark_prefs.get('uat:ieee802154_keys', '')
keys = []
for line in existing_keys_str.split('\n'):
line = line.strip()
if line:
keys.append(line)
network_key = data.get('network_key')
if network_key:
new_key = f'"{network_key}","1","Thread hash"'
if not any(network_key in k for k in keys):
keys.append(new_key)
wireshark_prefs['uat:ieee802154_keys'] = '\n'.join(keys)
mesh_local_prefix = data.get('extra_vars', {}).get('mesh_local_prefix')
if mesh_local_prefix:
prefix_addr = mesh_local_prefix.split('/')[0]
wireshark_prefs['6lowpan.context0'] = f'{prefix_addr}/64'
try:
pv = PacketVerifier(json_file, wireshark_prefs=wireshark_prefs)
pv.add_common_vars()
for node_id, rloc16 in data.get('rloc16s', {}).items():
name = pv.test_info.get_node_name(int(node_id))
pv.add_vars(**{f'{name}_RLOC16': int(rloc16, 16)})
verify(pv)
print("Verification PASSED")
except Exception as e:
print(f"Verification FAILED: {e}")
import traceback
traceback.print_exc()
sys.exit(1)