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<div class="bd-toc-item navbar-nav"><p aria-level="2" class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">Getting Started</span></p>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview.html">Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../quick-start-guide.html">Quick Start Guide</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../key-features.html">Key Features</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../torch.html">PyTorch Backend</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../release-notes.html">Release Notes</a></li>
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<p aria-level="2" class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">Installation</span></p>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/linux.html">Installing on Linux</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/build-from-source-linux.html">Building from Source Code on Linux</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/grace-hopper.html">Installing on Grace Hopper</a></li>
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<p aria-level="2" class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">LLM API</span></p>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../llm-api/index.html">API Introduction</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../llm-api/reference.html">API Reference</a></li>
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<p aria-level="2" class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">Examples</span></p>
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<li class="toctree-l1 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/index.html">LLM Examples Introduction</a><details><summary><span class="toctree-toggle" role="presentation"><i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-down"></i></span></summary><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/llm_medusa_decoding.html">Generate Text Using Medusa Decoding</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/llm_multilora.html">Generate text with multiple LoRA adapters</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/llm_eagle_decoding.html">Generate Text Using Eagle Decoding</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/llm_inference_async.html">Generate Text Asynchronously</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/llm_inference_distributed.html">Distributed LLM Generation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/llm_logits_processor.html">Control generated text using logits processor</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/llm_eagle2_decoding.html">Generate Text Using Eagle2 Decoding</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/llm_inference_kv_events.html">Get KV Cache Events</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/llm_lookahead_decoding.html">Generate Text Using Lookahead Decoding</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/llm_quantization.html">Generation with Quantization</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/llm_inference_async_streaming.html">Generate Text in Streaming</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/llm_guided_decoding.html">Generate text with guided decoding</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/llm_inference.html">Generate text</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/llm_inference_customize.html">Generate text with customization</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/llm_auto_parallel.html">Automatic Parallelism with LLM</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/llm_mgmn_llm_distributed.html">Llm Mgmn Llm Distributed</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/llm_mgmn_trtllm_bench.html">Llm Mgmn Trtllm Bench</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/llm_mgmn_trtllm_serve.html">Llm Mgmn Trtllm Serve</a></li>
</ul>
</details></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/customization.html">LLM Common Customizations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/llm_api_examples.html">LLM Examples</a><details><summary><span class="toctree-toggle" role="presentation"><i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-down"></i></span></summary><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/llm_medusa_decoding.html">Generate Text Using Medusa Decoding</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/llm_multilora.html">Generate text with multiple LoRA adapters</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/llm_eagle_decoding.html">Generate Text Using Eagle Decoding</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/llm_inference_async.html">Generate Text Asynchronously</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/llm_inference_distributed.html">Distributed LLM Generation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/llm_logits_processor.html">Control generated text using logits processor</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/llm_eagle2_decoding.html">Generate Text Using Eagle2 Decoding</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/llm_inference_kv_events.html">Get KV Cache Events</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/llm_lookahead_decoding.html">Generate Text Using Lookahead Decoding</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/llm_quantization.html">Generation with Quantization</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/llm_inference_async_streaming.html">Generate Text in Streaming</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/llm_guided_decoding.html">Generate text with guided decoding</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/llm_inference.html">Generate text</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/llm_inference_customize.html">Generate text with customization</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/llm_auto_parallel.html">Automatic Parallelism with LLM</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/llm_mgmn_llm_distributed.html">Llm Mgmn Llm Distributed</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/llm_mgmn_trtllm_bench.html">Llm Mgmn Trtllm Bench</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/llm_mgmn_trtllm_serve.html">Llm Mgmn Trtllm Serve</a></li>
</ul>
</details></li>
<li class="toctree-l1 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/trtllm_serve_examples.html">Online Serving Examples</a><details><summary><span class="toctree-toggle" role="presentation"><i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-down"></i></span></summary><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/curl_chat_client.html">Curl Chat Client</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/curl_chat_client_for_multimodal.html">Curl Chat Client For Multimodal</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/curl_completion_client.html">Curl Completion Client</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/deepseek_r1_reasoning_parser.html">Deepseek R1 Reasoning Parser</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/genai_perf_client.html">Genai Perf Client</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/genai_perf_client_for_multimodal.html">Genai Perf Client For Multimodal</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/openai_chat_client.html">OpenAI Chat Client</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/openai_chat_client_for_multimodal.html">OpenAI Chat Client</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../examples/openai_completion_client.html">OpenAI Completion Client</a></li>
</ul>
</details></li>
</ul>
<p aria-level="2" class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">Model Definition API</span></p>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../python-api/tensorrt_llm.layers.html">Layers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../python-api/tensorrt_llm.functional.html">Functionals</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../python-api/tensorrt_llm.models.html">Models</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../python-api/tensorrt_llm.plugin.html">Plugin</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../python-api/tensorrt_llm.quantization.html">Quantization</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../python-api/tensorrt_llm.runtime.html">Runtime</a></li>
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<p aria-level="2" class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">C++ API</span></p>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../_cpp_gen/executor.html">Executor</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../_cpp_gen/runtime.html">Runtime</a></li>
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<p aria-level="2" class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">Command-Line Reference</span></p>
<ul class="nav bd-sidenav">
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../commands/trtllm-build.html">trtllm-build</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../commands/trtllm-serve.html">trtllm-serve</a></li>
</ul>
<p aria-level="2" class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">Architecture</span></p>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/overview.html">TensorRT-LLM Architecture</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/core-concepts.html">Model Definition</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/checkpoint.html">TensorRT-LLM Checkpoint</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/workflow.html">TensorRT-LLM Build Workflow</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/add-model.html">Adding a Model</a></li>
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<p aria-level="2" class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">Advanced</span></p>
<ul class="nav bd-sidenav">
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../advanced/gpt-attention.html">Multi-Head, Multi-Query, and Group-Query Attention</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../advanced/gpt-runtime.html">C++ GPT Runtime</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../advanced/executor.html">Executor API</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../advanced/graph-rewriting.html">Graph Rewriting Module</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../advanced/lora.html">Run gpt-2b + LoRA using Executor / cpp runtime</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../advanced/expert-parallelism.html">Expert Parallelism in TensorRT-LLM</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../advanced/kv-cache-management.html">KV Cache Management: Pools, Blocks, and Events</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../advanced/kv-cache-reuse.html">KV cache reuse</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../advanced/speculative-decoding.html">Speculative Sampling</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../advanced/disaggregated-service.html">Disaggregated-Service (experimental)</a></li>
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<p aria-level="2" class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">Performance</span></p>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../performance/perf-overview.html">Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../performance/perf-benchmarking.html">Benchmarking</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="../performance/performance-tuning-guide/index.html">Performance Tuning Guide</a><details><summary><span class="toctree-toggle" role="presentation"><i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-down"></i></span></summary><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../performance/performance-tuning-guide/benchmarking-default-performance.html">Benchmarking Default Performance</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../performance/performance-tuning-guide/useful-build-time-flags.html">Useful Build-Time Flags</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../performance/performance-tuning-guide/tuning-max-batch-size-and-max-num-tokens.html">Tuning Max Batch Size and Max Num Tokens</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../blogs/H100vsA100.html">H100 has 4.6x A100 Performance in TensorRT-LLM, achieving 10,000 tok/s at 100ms to first token</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../blogs/Falcon180B-H200.html">Falcon-180B on a single H200 GPU with INT4 AWQ, and 6.7x faster Llama-70B over A100</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../blogs/quantization-in-TRT-LLM.html">Speed up inference with SOTA quantization techniques in TRT-LLM</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../blogs/tech_blog/blog2_DeepSeek_R1_MTP_Implementation_and_Optimization.html">DeepSeek R1 MTP Implementation and Optimization</a></li>
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<section id="numerical-precision">
<span id="precision"></span><h1>Numerical Precision<a class="headerlink" href="#numerical-precision" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h1>
<p>This document describes the different quantization recipes implemented in TensorRT-LLM and contains a support matrix
for the different models.</p>
<section id="fp32-fp16-and-bf16">
<h2>FP32, FP16 and BF16<a class="headerlink" href="#fp32-fp16-and-bf16" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>The different models implemented in TensorRT-LLM work with 32-bit IEEE
floating-point (FP32) numbers. When checkpoints are available, the models also
support 16-bit IEEE floating-point numbers (FP16) and 16-bit Bfloat16 (BF16) as
described <a class="reference external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bfloat16_floating-point_format">here</a>.</p>
</section>
<section id="quantization-and-dequantization-q-dq">
<h2>Quantization and Dequantization (Q/DQ)<a class="headerlink" href="#quantization-and-dequantization-q-dq" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>Given a floating-point number <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">x</span></code> and a floating-point scaling factor <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">s</span></code>,
TensorRT-LLM implements INT8 quantization as:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">q</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">int8</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">satfinite</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">s</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Given an INT8 number <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">q</span></code> and a floating-point scaling factor <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">s</span></code>, TensorRT-LLM
implements INT8 dequantization to the floating-point (FP) type as:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">static_cast</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">FP</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">q</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">s</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Given a matrix (2D tensor) of shape <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">M</span> <span class="pre">x</span> <span class="pre">N</span></code> (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">M</span></code> rows and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">N</span></code> columns) where
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">M</span></code> is the number of tokens and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">N</span></code> is the number of channels. TensorRT-LLM has
the three following modes to quantize and dequantize the elements of the
tensor:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>Per-tensor: It uses a single scaling factor for all the elements,</p></li>
<li><p>Per-token: It uses a different scaling factor for each token. There are <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">M</span></code>
scaling factors in that case,</p></li>
<li><p>Per-channel: It uses a different scaling factor for each channel. There are
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">N</span></code> scaling factors in that case.</p></li>
</ul>
<p>Note that per-token and per-channel scaling modes can be used together (i.e.
they are <em>not</em> mutually exclusive).</p>
<p>In pseudo-code, the quantization can be implemented as follows for the three
different modes:</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Per-tensor scaling.</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">mi</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">M</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">ni</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">N</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">q</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">mi</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="n">ni</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">int8</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">satfinite</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">mi</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="n">ni</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">s</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Per-token scaling.</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">mi</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">M</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">ni</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">N</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">q</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">mi</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="n">ni</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">int8</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">satfinite</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">mi</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="n">ni</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">s</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">mi</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="c1"># Per-channel scaling.</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">mi</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">M</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">ni</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">N</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">q</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">mi</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="n">ni</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">int8</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">satfinite</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">mi</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="n">ni</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">s</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">ni</span><span class="p">])</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="int8-smoothquant-w8a8">
<h2>INT8 SmoothQuant (W8A8)<a class="headerlink" href="#int8-smoothquant-w8a8" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>The SmoothQuant technique was introduced in
<a class="reference external" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.10438">https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.10438</a>. It is a
method to run inference using INT8 for both activations and weights while
maintaining the accuracy of the network (on downstream tasks).</p>
<p>As explained in the research paper, preprocessing must be applied to the
weights of the model. TensorRT-LLM includes scripts to prepare the model to
run using the SmoothQuant method.</p>
<p>Examples of how to enable SmoothQuant for GPT, GPT-J and LLaMA can be found in
the <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/NVIDIA/TensorRT-LLM/tree/HEAD/examples/quantization">examples/quantization</a> folder of that release.</p>
</section>
<section id="int4-and-int8-weight-only-w4a16-and-w8a16">
<h2>INT4 and INT8 Weight-Only (W4A16 and W8A16)<a class="headerlink" href="#int4-and-int8-weight-only-w4a16-and-w8a16" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>The INT4 and INT8 Weight-Only techniques consist in quantizing the weights of
a model and dequantizing those weights on-the-fly in linear layers (Matmuls).
The activations are encoded using floating-point values (FP16 or BF16).</p>
<p>To use INT4/INT8 Weight-Only methods, the user must determine the scaling
factors to use to quantize and dequantize the weights of the model.</p>
<p>This release includes examples for <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/NVIDIA/TensorRT-LLM/tree/HEAD/examples/models/core/gpt">GPT</a> and
<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/NVIDIA/TensorRT-LLM/tree/HEAD/examples/models/core/llama">LLaMA</a>.</p>
</section>
<section id="gptq-and-awq-w4a16">
<h2>GPTQ and AWQ (W4A16)<a class="headerlink" href="#gptq-and-awq-w4a16" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>The GPTQ and AWQ techniques are presented in
<a class="reference external" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.17323">https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.17323</a>
and
<a class="reference external" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.00978">https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.00978</a>,
respectively. TensorRT-LLM supports per-group scaling factors and
zero-offsetting in linear layers to implement GPTQ and AWQ methods. See the
<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/NVIDIA/TensorRT-LLM/tree/HEAD/cpp/tensorrt_llm/plugins/weightOnlyGroupwiseQuantMatmulPlugin">WeightOnlyGroupwiseQuantMatmulPlugin</a>
plugin and the corresponding
<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/NVIDIA/TensorRT-LLM/tree/HEAD/tensorrt_llm/quantization/functional.py"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">weight_only_groupwise_quant_matmul</span></code></a>
Python function, for details.</p>
<p>This release includes examples of applying GPTQ to <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/NVIDIA/TensorRT-LLM/tree/HEAD/examples/models/core/gpt">GPT-NeoX</a>
and <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/NVIDIA/TensorRT-LLM/tree/HEAD/examples/models/core/llama">LLaMA-v2</a>, as well as an example of using AWQ with
<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/NVIDIA/TensorRT-LLM/tree/HEAD/examples/models/contrib/gpt">GPT-J</a>. Those examples are experimental implementations and
are likely to evolve in a future release.</p>
</section>
<section id="fp8-hopper">
<h2>FP8 (Hopper)<a class="headerlink" href="#fp8-hopper" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>This release of TensorRT-LLM contains implementations of FP8 for GPT-NeMo,
GPT-J and LLaMA. Those examples can be found in
<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/NVIDIA/TensorRT-LLM/tree/HEAD/examples/quantization">examples/quantization</a>.</p>
</section>
<section id="nvfp4-blackwell">
<h2>NVFP4 (Blackwell)<a class="headerlink" href="#nvfp4-blackwell" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>LLama and Mixtral can run in NVFP4 datatype. Those examples can be found in Llama examples.</p>
</section>
<section id="support-matrix">
<h2>Support matrix<a class="headerlink" href="#support-matrix" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>This release of TensorRT-LLM contains the following examples:</p>
<div class="pst-scrollable-table-container"><table class="table">
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head text-left"><p>Model</p></th>
<th class="head text-center"><p>FP32</p></th>
<th class="head text-center"><p>FP16</p></th>
<th class="head text-center"><p>BF16</p></th>
<th class="head text-center"><p>FP8</p></th>
<th class="head text-center"><p>NVFP4</p></th>
<th class="head text-center"><p>W8A8 SQ</p></th>
<th class="head text-center"><p>W8A16</p></th>
<th class="head text-center"><p>W4A16</p></th>
<th class="head text-center"><p>W4A16 AWQ</p></th>
<th class="head text-center"><p>W4A16 GPTQ</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td class="text-left"><p>Baichuan</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td class="text-left"><p>BERT</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td class="text-left"><p>BLIP-2</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td class="text-left"><p>BLOOM</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td class="text-left"><p>ChatGLM</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td class="text-left"><p>ChatGLM-v2</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td class="text-left"><p>ChatGLM-v3</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td class="text-left"><p>DBRX</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td class="text-left"><p>Falcon</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td class="text-left"><p>Flan-T5</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td class="text-left"><p>Gemma</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td class="text-left"><p>GPT</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td class="text-left"><p>GPT-J</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td class="text-left"><p>GPT-NeMo</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td class="text-left"><p>GPT-NeoX</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td class="text-left"><p>InternLM</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td class="text-left"><p>InternLM2</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td class="text-left"><p>LLaMA</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td class="text-left"><p>LLaMA-v2</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td class="text-left"><p>Mamba</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td class="text-left"><p>Mistral</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td class="text-left"><p>Mixtral</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td class="text-left"><p>MPT</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td class="text-left"><p>OPT</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td class="text-left"><p>Phi</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td class="text-left"><p>Qwen</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td class="text-left"><p>RecurrentGemma</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td class="text-left"><p>Replit Code</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td class="text-left"><p>SantaCoder</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td class="text-left"><p>Skywork</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td class="text-left"><p>StarCoder1</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td class="text-left"><p>StarCoder2</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td class="text-left"><p>T5</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td class="text-left"><p>Whisper</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td class="text-left"><p>BLIP2-OPT</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td class="text-left"><p>BLIP2-T5</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td class="text-left"><p>LLaVA</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td class="text-left"><p>VILA</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td class="text-left"><p>Nougat</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>Y</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
<td class="text-center"><p>.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>Note: The vision component of multi-modal models(BLIP2-OPT/BLIP2-T5/LLaVA/VILA/Nougat) uses FP16 by default.
The language component decides which quantization methods are supported by a given multi-modal model.</p>
</section>
<section id="technical-detail-the-quantmode-flags">
<h2>Technical Detail: The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">QuantMode</span></code> Flags<a class="headerlink" href="#technical-detail-the-quantmode-flags" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>The quantization method is controlled by the
<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/NVIDIA/TensorRT-LLM/tree/HEAD/tensorrt_llm/quantization/mode.py"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">QuantMode</span></code></a> flags. The different fields
are:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">INT4_WEIGHTS</span></code>, the weights are quantized to 4 bits (W4A*),</p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">INT8_WEIGHTS</span></code>, the weights are quantized to 8 bits (W8A*),</p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ACTIVATIONS</span></code>, the activations are quantized to 8 bits (W*A8),</p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PER_CHANNEL</span></code>, the scaling factors are defined per channel,</p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PER_TOKEN</span></code>, the scaling factors are defined per token,</p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PER_GROUP</span></code>, the scaling factors are defined per group.</p></li>
</ul>
<p>There are three additional flags to control TensorRT-LLM:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">INT8_KV_CACHE</span></code>, the K/V cache stores K and V using 8-bit integers,</p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FP8_KV_CACHE</span></code>, the K/V cache stores K and V using 8-bit floating-point numbers,</p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FP8_QDQ</span></code>, TensorRT-LLM relies on automatic fusion of Q/DQ nodes in TensorRT.</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
</section>
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<li class="toc-h2 nav-item toc-entry"><a class="reference internal nav-link" href="#quantization-and-dequantization-q-dq">Quantization and Dequantization (Q/DQ)</a></li>
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<li class="toc-h2 nav-item toc-entry"><a class="reference internal nav-link" href="#technical-detail-the-quantmode-flags">Technical Detail: The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">QuantMode</span></code> Flags</a></li>
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