140 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
Ruixiang Wang 88a39274ec spec: add EAGLE3 speculative decoding support (#18039)
* llama : enable layer input extraction

* spec: support eagle3

* eagle3: fix params bug

* eagle3: support Gemma4 eagle3 from RedHatAI

* eagle3: set sync when get features from target

Co-authored-by: tnhnyzc <115956684+tnhnyzc@users.noreply.github.com>

* eagle3 : fix ubatch handling in embd_layer_inp extraction and encoder

Co-authored-by: Doğaç Eldenk <dogacel@gmail.com>

* eagle3: adapt to upstream changes

* eagle3: fix rebase issues and adapt to upstream changes

* eagle3:exclude the eagle3 arch from test-llama-archs

* eagle3: fix editorconfig check failures

* eagle3: fix multi-seq issue in d2t vocab mapping

* cont : minor style / clean-up

* spec : remove `common_speculative_setup_draft_model()`

* llama : clean-up unused API

* eagle3: set d2t vocab mapping in decode graph

* cont : assert layer inputs are configured

* hparams : use n_embd_inp instead of n_embd_target_features

* eagle3: make output.weight optional and inherit from target model when needed

* haparams : generic norm-before-residual param

* llama-ext : consistent names

* cont : fix

* hparams : remove target_hidden_size

* cparams : rename output_layer_inp -> embeddings_layer_inp

* arch : reuse ATTN_NORM_2 instead of adding new hidden norm

* llama : clean-up names

* cont : add assert + comment

* Update conversion/llama.py

Co-authored-by: Sigbjørn Skjæret <sigbjorn.skjaeret@scala.com>

---------

Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: tnhnyzc <115956684+tnhnyzc@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Doğaç Eldenk <dogacel@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Sigbjørn Skjæret <sigbjorn.skjaeret@scala.com>
2026-06-12 10:21:06 +03:00
Aarnav Pai d73cd07674 graph: Fix granite speech model inference by applying embedding scale when deepstack is not used (#24357)
* llama-graph : apply embedding scale when deepstack is not used

* nits: remove non-existant hunyuan-vl from the tests

* apply suggestion from @gabe-l-hart

---------

Co-authored-by: Xuan Son Nguyen <son@huggingface.co>
2026-06-09 19:46:27 +02:00
Pascal a66d50588b graph: guard iswa kq_mask on its own buffer (#24294)
A SWA-only draft head (e.g. StepFun MTP) leaves the base sub-cache
empty, so its kq_mask buffer stays null and asserts at load. Guard
each mask on its own buffer in set_input and can_reuse, base and swa.

Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>
2026-06-08 19:20:28 +02:00
Aman Gupta 04eb4c446d llama : add Gemma4 MTP (#23398) 2026-06-07 20:50:54 +08:00
Gabe Goodhart 64086f2b2f model, mtmd: Granite4 Vision (#23545)
* feat(convert): Get language model conversion working for 4.1 vision

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* feat(convert): Skip multimodal tensors for GraniteMoeHybrid (vision 4.0)

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* fix: Disable vocab padding for non-hybrid models that use GraniteMoeHybrid

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* feat: Plumb python-side vision projector names and mappings

There are several awkward things here:

1. Most of these are essentially identical to the audio qformer tensors. On
the c++ side, that's mapped using the prefix, so the rest of the GGUF
name needs to align, but on the python side there's no prefix notion, so
they all get duplicated.
2. There are a couple of net-new tensors for vision, in particular
PROJ_NORM. In both speech and vision, the QF_PROJ_NORM is qualified as
belonging to the qformer portion, but the GGUF name is simply proj_norm
which conflicts with the ideal name for this new PROJ_NORM that is not
qualified as part of the qformer. To get around this, I used
"proj_layernorm" as the GGUF name.

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* feat: Add python side architecture name

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* feat: Add python-side plumbing for setting FEATURE_LAYERS hparam

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* feat: Add c++ side tensor naming defines

NOTE: Usage of these hasn't been updated to include prefix yet

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* feat(mtmd): Convert vision_feature_layer to an ordered vector

We need to preserve the ordering of these feature index values so that they
can be mapped to the sub-tensors within the stacked projectors.

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* feat(mtmd): Add architecture label plumbing

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: full (OpenCode + qwen3.5:122b)
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* feat(wip): Add partial conversion for mmproj

This handles stacking the projector tensors and setting the new harams

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* feat: Add gguf_writer and constant support for new hparams and deepstack layer arr

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: draft (OpenCode + qwen3.5:122b)
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* feat: Full conversion for mmproj w/ tensor mappings

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: full (OpenCode + qwen3.5:122b)
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* fix: Add lm_head skip for mmproj for 4.0

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* fix: De-alias text_config architecture in convert_lora_to_gguf.py

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* feat: Add --trust-remote-code arg to convert_lora_to_gguf.py

This defaults to False, but allows a user to enable it programmaticly
instead of using the interactive prompt.

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* fix: De-alias model.language_model. -> model. for lora adapters

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: full (OpenCode + qwen3.5:122b)
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* fix: Extend language model tensor dealiasing in adapters

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* fix: Remove unnecessary registration for GraniteSpeech in language model

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* feat: Plumb through mm prefix formatting for qformer tensors

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* refactor: Refactor vision projector tensors to use predictor ID as the block

This is cleaner than stacking them. The modeling file hard-codes
single-layer qformers, so we can punt on the multiipule multi-layer
projectors problem.

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* feat: Add spatial offests array hparam conversion

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* feat: Add stub plumbing for granite vision in mtmd

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: draft (OpenCode + qwen3.5:122b)
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* feat: Add new hparam and tensor naming in clip-impl.h

New hparams:
- KEY_PROJ_SAMPLE_QUERY_SIDE
- KEY_PROJ_SAMPLE_WINDOW_SIDE
- KEY_PROJ_SPATIAL_OFFSETS

New tensors:
- TN_MULTI_PROJ_IMG_POS
- TN_MULTI_PROJ_QUERY
- TN_MULTI_PROJ_LAYERNORM
- TN_MULTI_PROJ_LINEAR
- TN_MULTI_PROJ_NORM

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none

Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* fix: Move deepstack_layer_arr to llm hparam instead of mmproj

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* fix: Remove IS_DEEPSTACK_LAYERS

This appears to have been added during Qwen3 VL
(https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/16780), but it was never
actually used.

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* refactor: n_deepstack_layers -> deepstack_layer_arr

The old logic hard coded a correspondence between the first N layers of the
LLM and the 1->N entries in the input embeddings. Now, that relationship is
maintained at loading time if the GGUF value is single-valued. If it is
multi-valued, it loads directly allowing for deepstack layers to be spaced
out throughout the model.

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* fix: Use try/catch for single/multi valued deepstack info

The alternative would be to use get_key_or_arr, but then the single value
would be populated through the entire array and we'd need to detect that
and update it with the right correspondence.

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* feat: Add deepstack injection point for granite LLM

The use of ggml_add here assumes that the elements of inp_embd will be pre-
arranged to be the full embedding length with only the vision-mask'ed
portions non-zero from the projector. This matches how Qwen3VL does it.

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* fix: add missing vision attn layernorm eps

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: full (OpenCode + Qwen 3.6-35B)
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* refactor: Hoist qformer tensors into qf_block and hold a vector for multi-proj

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* fix: Fix missing prefix template for TN_QF_PROJ_LINEAR

It's not strictly necessary since vision uses the blockwise version, but it
makes the loading consistent.

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* fix: Add embedding scale and image grid pinpoints hparams in conversion

Also remove dead parsing for self._deepstack_layer_arr

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* feat: Add mtmd KEY_ section for hparams shared with the LLM

In this case, we need the EMBEDDING_SCALE so we can unscale the image
embeddings to compensate for applying embedding scale to the input
embeddings

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* feat: Implement c++ hparam parsing

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: draft (Claude Code)
Co-authored-by: Eli Schwartz <eliyahu.schwartz@ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* fix: Flatten pinpoints in conversion

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* fix: Add missing break

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* fix: No reason to have modality prefix for img_pos

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* feat: Add tensor loading

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* fix(convert): Fix confusion between proj.norm and proj.qformer.layernorm

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* fix: Use the right portion of speech for tensor loading!

Also plumb through the layernorm -> post_norm naming change

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* feat: Add logging of deepstack_layers_arr if set

I also changed the print_f output type to int32_t to avoid printing
overflow values for -1. This could cause overflows on the other side, but
I can't imagine a value for any of the current array hparams that would
trigger that.

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* fix: Make sure input embeddings are cont before f_embedding_scale

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* feat: Add init and mmproj_embd cases for g4v

The n_mmproj_embd is 1+ to make space for the text embedding and all 8
projectors

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: draft (Bob)
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* fix: Invert (h, w) -> (w, h) pinpoints

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* fix: Reorder projectors based on llm index and skip the first injection

The multi-projector stack has a strange asymmetry based on how it's
currently implemented for qwen3vl: on the mmproj side, it's all N
projectors, but the output of the "first" (by inp_embd index) projector is
automatically consumed as if it were a standard single-projector mmproj,
so the deepstack portion needs to only contain the 1-N entries.

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>
Co-authored-by: Eli Schwartz <eliyahu.schwartz@ibm.com>

* fix: Fix mmproj hparams in conversion

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>
Co-authored-by: Eli Schwartz <eliyahu.schwartz@ibm.com>

* fix: Fix ordering/logic for deepstack injection in granite

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>
Co-authored-by: Eli Schwartz <eliyahu.schwartz@ibm.com>

* fix: Fix preprocessing config to match what the model needs

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>
Co-authored-by: Eli Schwartz <eliyahu.schwartz@ibm.com>

* wip: Partial port of Eli's implementation

This is still pretty broken, but it's getting closer. It now happily
generates tokens, but the values are quite incorrect still. I suspect it's
caused by the mapping of projectors from safetensors to their respective
orders here.

Also, this implementation breaks encapsulation pretty badly in mtmd_encode.
This will need a big refactor to put the G4V-specific encoding logic
somewhere more appropriate.

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: draft (Claude Code, Bob)
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>
Co-authored-by: Eli Schwartz <eliyahu.schwartz@ibm.com>

* fix: Fix the pre-scaling on the input embeddings to correctly invert the scale

We've got tokens! They still don't line up quite right, so something's a
little off, but we're getting much closer now.

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* feat: invert embedding multiplier -> base_scale at load

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* fix: Fix setting image_resize_pad after new enum introduced

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* fix: Add G4V to mmproj mapping in conversion

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* fix: Re-add padding disable for non-hybrid hybrid models

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* refactor: Simplify G4V n_tokens computation

This is slightly more efficient and flexible for when we implement the
unpad cropping. IMO, it's also clearer that it is adding the number of
image_newline tokens (embeddings) to the grid, rather than recomputing the
entire count.

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* feat: Add new clip APIs for post-tile-encoding assembly

Granite 4 Vision uses llava-next style pack-and-unpad which requires
injecting the learned newline after each row of the tile grid. A row here
is a single row of the grid which is composed of (grid_x * cols_per_tile) *
(grid_y * rows_per_tile), so the result is newlines injected in between
individual tile rows, thus not something that can be handled with the
standard llava-uhd block-wise endcoding.

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: draft (Claude Code + Opus 4.7)
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* feat: Add model interfaces for granite 4 vision assembler

I'm on the fence about the best organization of this. These free functions
allow the per-architecture logic in clip.cpp to access the model-specific
graph building, but they still require a fair bit of model-specific logic
in clip.cpp which is not ideal.

I think a better approach may be to replicate what is done with the
graph builders themselves (and possibly even make the assembler part of the
model's existing graph builder).

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: full (Claude Code + Opus 4.7)
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* refactor: Remove all g4v-specific branching from mtmd.cpp in favor of clip assembler

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: full (Claude Code + Opus 4.7)
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* refactor(mtmd): Consolidate assembler logic into clip_assembler class family

Just like `clip_graph` is the base class for building the model-specific
encoder graphs, `clip_assembler` will be the base class for building the
model-specific assembler graphs. This allows the assembly pattern to follow
how the encoder pattern is implemented where the model-specific logic lives
in a subclass co-located with the encoder graph builder that gets
constructed by a simple factory method.

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: full (Claude Code + Opus 4.7)
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* style: Comment improvement

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* refactor: granite_vision -> granite4_vision

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* fix: Remove dead codepath for Qwen3VL add_vision_is_deepstack

These pieces were never used on the c++ side (removed there in an earlier
commit), so this is just cleanup that I missed before.

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* fix: Oops! I did not mean to commit one of my prompt files

But now it's too far back in history to effectively rebase out, even with
interactive and --rebase-merges :(

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* fix: Add missing <algorithm> include for std::find

It seems that this was already pulled in on some platforms, but not on
others

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* fix: Fix Flake8 warnings in granite conversion module

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* refactor: Remove clip_assembler in favor of clip_image_f32.append_token

Per conversation in the PR, the clip_assembler pattern was too invasive.
This is a compromise that limits model-specific blocks to add_media where
each preprocessed tile is annotated with an injection type, after which all
the token counting logic is generic and the newline injection itself is
handled in the graph based on the value for the given tile image.

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: draft (Bob, OpenCode + Qwen 3.6 35b)
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* refactor(convert): Split n_deepstack_layers and deepstack_layers (array)

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: full (Bob, OpenCode + Qwen3.6-35b)
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* refactor(src): Handle n_deepstack_layers and deepstack_layers GGUF keys

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: draft (Bob, OpenCode + Qwen3.6-35b)
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* fix: Fix GGUF key for deepstack_layers_arr

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* refactor: Remove pre-scaling embeddings and skip scaling for raw embd inputs

This follows how gemma3 and gemma4 handle embedding scaling by skipping the
multiplier for raw input embeddings.

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* refactor: deepstack_layers(_arr) -> deepstack_mapping(_arr)

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* refactor: Fully revert changes to n_deepstack_layers and qwen3vl*

Since we're going to keep the GGUF KVs separate, it makes sense to just
keep the hparams separate too to limit the scope of this branch. The down
side is that n_deepstack_layers and deepstack_mapping_arr are potentially
conflicting.

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* fix: Revert removal of "is_deepstack_layers" GGUF KV

This KV is not used at all on the c++ side, so it's fully dead, but there's
also no need to conflate this cleanup with the addition of G4V.

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* fix: Remove unnecessary ggml_cont and build_forward_expand in cbx

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* style: Clean up comments

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* fix: Tighter and more flexible code for g4v_build_block

This could be refactored to look a lot more like granite-speech, but the
overall block constructs before/after the qformer are pretty different, so
for now I'm going to leave it as is and just tighten a bit.

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* fix: Remove unnecessary `unordered_set` include

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* fix: Add architecture guard on deepstack_mapping_arr printout

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* fix: Remove unnecessary AI-gen comment

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* fix: Always initialize deepstack_mapping_arr with -1 values

This was causing `test-llama-archs` to fail, likely due to trying to save
the uninitialized values, then re-loading them. It's safer to always
initialize so that other models don't forget and end up with undefined
behavior.

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* style: Remove TODO about block/vs non-block tensor mapping

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* refactor: Move is_vision_feature_layer logic into clip_hparams

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* refactor: Use a bool for append_token

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* style: Remove unnecessary comment

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* fix: Remove unused get_model api

yikes!

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* refactor: Rearrange helpers for g4v to be private members and use build_attn

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: full (Bob, OpenCode + Qwen3.6-35b)
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* fix: Fix off-by-one in vision layer index

This was inherited from the Claude Code implementation that pushed the
negative index inversion down into the model file.

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* fix: Fix norm/post_norm mixup in conversion

face. palm. :(

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* style: More descriptive tensor names

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* fix: Apply PR cleanup for new conversion changes

AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

Co-authored-by: Sigbjørn Skjæret <sigbjorn.skjaeret@scala.com>

* fix(convert): Remove duplicate V_ENC_EMBD_IMGNL

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* refactor: append_token -> add_newline

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* style: Comment cleanup

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* feat: Cleaner error handling/checking

NOTE: format_string is not available in granite.cpp (and including
clip-impl.h to get it doesn't compile, so I think it violates the intended
encapsulation), so std::stringstream is the simplest answer.

Branch: Granite4Vision
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

---------

Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>
2026-06-05 17:44:59 +02:00
Georgi Gerganov 7acb4e8cd2 hparams : refactor hparams.n_layer (#24060)
* hparams : refactor hparams.n_layer

* cont : remove `n_layer_kv()`, use n_layer_all instead

* cont : type consistency

* pi : update SYSTEM.md

* models : fix Step3.5 MTP

* cont : remove duplicate switch cases

* cont : explicitly set `false` to extra layers for `is_swa` and `is_recr`

* cont : fix nextn layer count handling

Co-authored-by: Sigbjørn Skjæret <sigbjorn.skjaeret@scala.com>

---------

Co-authored-by: Sigbjørn Skjæret <sigbjorn.skjaeret@scala.com>
2026-06-05 11:09:36 +03:00
Aman Gupta 166fe29492 qwen35: use post-norm hidden state for MTP (#24025)
* qwen35: use post-norm hidden state for MTP

* rename pre_norm to nextn

* fix step35
2026-06-04 01:29:09 +08:00
Sigbjørn Skjæret 764f1e64a1 graph : ensure DS32 kq_mask_lid is F32 (#23864) 2026-05-29 19:55:14 +02:00
fairydreaming 1f0aa2a696 model : support for DeepseekV32ForCausalLM with generic DeepSeek Sparse Attention (DSA) implementation (#23346)
* llama : support DeepSeek V3.2 model family (with DSA lightning indexer)

* convert : handle DeepseekV32ForCausalLM architecture

* ggml : support for f16 GGML_OP_FILL

* memory : separate hparams argument in llama_kv_cache constructor

* memory : add llama_kv_cache_dsa memory (KV cache + lightning indexer cache)

* llama : support for LLM_ARCH_DEEPSEEK32

* model : llama_model_deepseek32 implementation

* model : merge two scale operations into one in DSA lightning indexer implementation

* chore : remove unused code

* model : support NVFP4 in DeepSeek V3.2

Co-authored-by: Sigbjørn Skjæret <sigbjorn.skjaeret@scala.com>

* memory : refactoring TODO

Co-authored-by: ggerganov <ggerganov@users.noreply.github.com>

---------

Co-authored-by: Stanisław Szymczyk <sszymczy@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Sigbjørn Skjæret <sigbjorn.skjaeret@scala.com>
Co-authored-by: ggerganov <ggerganov@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-05-29 10:15:17 +02:00
Aman Gupta 031ddb2e08 llama: use f16 mask for FA to save VRAM (#23764)
* llama: use f16 mask for FA

* review: add llama_cast + formatting

* simplify
2026-05-29 15:44:43 +08:00
Aman Gupta eef59a7642 llama: add llm_graph_input_mtp (#23643)
* llama: add llm_graph_input_mtp

* rename input_mtp -> input_token_embd

* add TODO about mtmd embedding

* cont : clean-up

---------

Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>
2026-05-29 09:17:32 +03:00
Daniel Elliott eeeaf6180b llama-graph: fix null-buffer crash in llm_graph_input_attn_kv_iswa for SWA-only models (#23131)
When a model has zero non-SWA attention layers (e.g. a SWA-only slice of Gemma 4),
the base KV cache has no layer tensors. The input tensors (self_k_idxs, self_v_idxs,
self_kq_mask) are created as graph input nodes but never consumed by any compute node,
so the backend scheduler never allocates a buffer for them. Calling
mctx->get_base()->set_input_k_idxs() on an unallocated tensor then hits
GGML_ASSERT(buffer) at ggml-backend.cpp:194.

The same scenario applies symmetrically: if a model had zero SWA layers, the SWA
tensors would be unallocated.

Fix: guard both the base and SWA set_input calls with null/buffer checks, matching
the pattern already used by llm_graph_input_mem_hybrid_iswa::set_input (line ~674)
which has the comment: 'base tensors may not be allocated if there are no non-SWA
attention layers'.

Also fix can_reuse() in the same class to skip the ne[0] and kq_mask checks for
unallocated tensors, preventing a null-dereference on the reuse path.
2026-05-21 09:20:51 +03:00
Aman Gupta 3e12fbdea5 llama: avoid copying logits during prompt decode in MTP (#23198)
* llama: avoid copying logits during prompt decode in MTP

* review: update comment

* llama-graph: call set_output for t_h_pre_norm
2026-05-17 23:30:25 +08:00
Aman Gupta 255582687b llama + spec: MTP Support (#22673)
* spec: support MTP

* fix batch size

* rename files

* cont : simplify (#7)

* MTP: clean-up (#9)

* MTP: clean-up

* review: use llama_context_type instead of llama_graph_type

* review: remove llama_model_has_mtp

* review: fix convert issues

* convert: fix pycheck

* review: formatting

* use `mtp-` for identifying mtp models

* convert: fix mtp conversion

* mtp -> draft-mtp

* remove unused llama_arch

* add need_embd in speculative

* llama: allow partial seq_rm for GDN models for speculative decoding

Currently speculative checkpoint needs to restart from a checkpoint
after some draft tokens are not accepted, this leads to some wastage in
running the target again. This PR adds the ability to rollback upto
`draft_max` by storing the GDN intermediates.

* fix pending state

* vulkan: add GDN partial rollback

* meta: extend check to axis 1

* metal: add GDN partial rollback

Extend the gated delta net kernel to store intermediate states for
partial rollback support on the Metal backend.

- Add K (snapshot slot count) as a function constant
- Read input state from slot 0 of the 3D state tensor
- Write intermediate states to different slots during token loop
- For K=1, maintain backward-compatible single-slot behavior

Ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/commit/8c05923630110223669f069af2000e9cf10c02bc

Assisted-by: llama.cpp:local pi

* delta_net_base: use ggml_pad instead of new_tensor

* review: add need_rs_seq

* review: rename part_bounded to n_rs

* review: deslop comments

* review: rename, add asserts

* server : adjust checkpoint logic (#11)

* server : adjust checkpoint logic

* cont : rm asserts

* server-context: fix early exit

* spec : fix compatibility with n-gram and add TODOs (#13)

* metal : cleanup

* llama : fix faulty bitwise check in recurrent memory

* server : disable RS-based MTP in combination with other spec types

* spec : add TODOs

* cont : fix comment

* cont : update comment

* common : fix logic for ngram + mtp compat

* llama-memory: enable checkpointing with partial rollback

* cont: add test-case for loading into a dirty ctx

* llama-memory-recurrent: clear rs_idx in clear

* download: fix mtp path

* llama-arch: fix enorm op

* docs: update docs

* conversion: fix type annotations

---------

Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>
2026-05-16 20:06:23 +08:00
Sigbjørn Skjæret fa595462ca graph : handle non-contiguous Q/K/V in mul_mat_aux (#22630)
* qkv may not always be contiguous

* cont : make the cont conditional

---------

Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>
2026-05-05 06:34:44 +03:00
Ismail a817a22bc6 ggml : implement fast walsh-hadamard transform for kv rotation (#21352) (#22631) 2026-05-05 10:05:05 +08:00
Sigbjørn Skjæret 4f02d47339 model : refactor bias tensor variable names (#22079)
* refactor bias tensor variable names

* use create_tensor_qkv for jina-bert-v2
2026-04-18 20:12:00 +02:00
PikaPikachu 9db77a020c model : refactor QKV into common build_qkv and create_tensor_qkv helpers (#21245)
* model : refactor QKV into common build_qkv and create_tensor_qkv helpers

* model : extend build_qkv to bert/mpt/dbrx/olmo/lfm2/nemotron-h/granite-hybrid/gemma3n-iswa/t5-dec and fix wqkv_s
2026-04-16 17:41:34 +02:00
Sigbjørn Skjæret f772f6e434 model : support NVFP4 tensors for Gemma4 (#21971)
* support nvfp4 tensors for Gemma4

* add wo_s to build_attn

* add wo_s to build_attn

* fix glm4
2026-04-16 16:51:47 +02:00
Johannes Gäßler d6f3030047 ggml: backend-agnostic tensor parallelism (experimental) (#19378)
* ggml: backend-agnostic tensor parallelism

* support for GPT-OSS, Qwen 3 MoE

* partial Vulkan fix

* add support for 4/8 GPUs

* unconditional peer access

* re-use buffers + ggml contexts

* fix output pattern

* NCCL support

* GGML: HIP: add RCCL support

* Remove shfl and AllReduce from backend interface

* move allocation workaround out of ggml-alloc.c

* 2d tensor set/get support

* Fix the seg fault without NCCL

* Apply suggestion from JohannesGaessler

* support for tensor dims % n_devs != 0

* fix view_offs scaling

* arbitrary num. of GPUs/tensor split

* fix compilation

* better granularity estimate

* Support device-specific host buffer types if all underlying backends expose the same type. This allows using pinned memory instead of pageable memory for CUDA.

Fix compilation errors.

* partial Qwen 3 Next support

* Fix qwen3 30b (#8)

* Fix crash with Qwen-30B-A3B Q4_0

Qwen-30B-A3B Q4_0 has an intermediate dimension of 768. Using a granularity of 256 forces an uneven split between GPUs, which is not supported by the current implementation.

* Decide block size based on tensor quantization type

* Fix crashes due to KV cache serialization (#9)

KV cache serialization requires non-zero offsets on the tensor. Add support in the meta backend to set/get a tensor with a non-zero offset.

* metal : fix build (#7)

* static memory allocations, fix usage count

* fix tensor granularity

* more even memory distribution

* use BF16 for allreduce

* rebase fixup

* better error message for unsupported architectures

* Fix device mismatch during scatter of allReduce. (#11)

There is a mismatch between the dst buffer device and the backend device, causing the use of sync copies

* Enable the previous allreduce implementation. It is better in both perf and stability (#12)

* delay AllReduce for Moe for less I/O

* build : clean-up compile warnings

* backend : move most of the meta backend API to ggml-backend-impl.h

* cont : hide unused public API in the implementation

* llama : use llama_device + remove ggml_backend_dev_is_meta()

* ggml-backend : remove unused alloc include

* minor : remove regex include

* ggml : introduce ggml-ext.h for staging new APIs

* rebase fixup

* fix tests

* llama : more robust logic for determining Meta devices (#16)

* llama : more robust logic for determining Meta devices

* cont : fix devs size check

Co-authored-by: Johannes Gäßler <johannesg@5d6.de>

* cont : fix log type

Co-authored-by: Johannes Gäßler <johannesg@5d6.de>

---------

Co-authored-by: Johannes Gäßler <johannesg@5d6.de>

* disable roundtrip for meta backend

* fix arch selection

* Qwen 3.5 support

* fix Gemma 4 MoE

* fix OpenVino, SYCL

* fix test-llama-archs for CPU-only builds

* Fix Qwen 3.5 MoE

* disable meta backend tests for WebGPU

* tests : filter CPU-based devices from the Meta backend tests (#17)

* meta : formatting, naming, indentation (#18)

* formatting : llama-model.cpp

* formatting : ggml-ext.h

* formatting : ggml-backend-meta.cpp

* meta : add TODO

* add documentation

* better error messages

* fix GPT-OSS

---------

Co-authored-by: Carl Philipp Klemm <carl@uvos.xyz>
Co-authored-by: Gaurav Garg <gaugarg@nvidia.com>
Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>
2026-04-09 16:42:19 +02:00
Georgi Gerganov 4eb19514dd kv-cache : support attention rotation for heterogeneous iSWA (#21513)
* kv-cache : support attention rotation for heterogeneous iSWA

* cont : remove assert
2026-04-07 20:31:28 +03:00
Georgi Gerganov 744c0c7310 llama : rotate activations for better quantization (#21038)
* llama : rotate activations for better quantization

* cont : rotate V more + refactor

* cont : rotate caches separately + support non-power-of-2 head sizes

* cont : simplify

* cont : add reference for V rotation

* cont : refactor

* cont : support context shift

* cont : consolidate

* cont : dedup + allow different types for the rotation matrix

* cont : add env variable to disable rotation

* cont : simplify attn rot kv cache logic + rename env

* cont : pre-compute the Hadamard matrices
2026-04-01 16:58:01 +03:00
lainon1 0b6ff47996 fix: correct misspellings in code comments (#21217)
- emdeddings → embeddings (gemma3.cpp, gemma3n-iswa.cpp,
gemma-embedding.cpp)
- imlpemented → implemented (llama-adapter.cpp)
- interere → interfere (llama-graph.cpp)
- overridde → overridden (chat.cpp)
- stastistics → statistics (ngram-map.h)
- layed → laid (llama-kv-cache.h)
- worster → worst (llama-context.cpp)
- sequantial → sequential (llama-batch.h)
2026-03-31 13:50:51 +02:00
Saba Fallah a970515bdb mtmd: Add DeepSeekOCR Support (#17400)
* mtmd: llama.cpp DeepSeekOCR support
init commit

* loading sam tensors

* mtmd: fix vision model processing

* deepseek-ocr clip-vit model impl

* mtmd: add DeepSeek-OCR LM support with standard attention

* mtmd: successfully runs DeepSeek-OCR LM in llama-cli

* mtmd: Fix RoPE type for DeepSeek-OCR LM.

* loading LM
testing Vision model loading

* sam warmup working

* sam erroneous return corrected

* clip-vit:  corrected cls_embd concat

* clip-vit: model convert  qkv_proj split

* corrected combining of image encoders' results

* fix: update callback for ffn_moe_weighted and add callback for attn_out in deepseek2 model

* concat image_newline and image_seperator tokens

* visual_model warmup (technically) works

* window partitioning using standard ggml ops

* sam implementation without using CPU only ops

* clip: fixed warnings

* Merge branch 'sf/deepseek-ocr' of github.com:sfallah/llama.cpp into sf/deepseek-ocr

* mtmd: fix get_rel_pos

* mtmd: fixed the wrong scaler for get_rel_pos

* image encoding technically works but the output can't be checked singe image decoding fails

* mtmd: minor changed

* mtmd: add native resolution support

* - image encoding debugged
- issues fixed mainly related wrong config like n_patches etc.
- configs need to be corrected in the converter

* mtmd: correct token order

* - dynamic resizing
- changes are concerning PR https://github.com/sfallah/llama.cpp/pull/4

* mtmd: quick fix token order

* mtmd: fix danling pointer

* mtmd: SAM numerically works

* mtmd: debug CLIP-L (vit_pre_ln)

* mtmd: debug CLIP-L & first working DeepSeek-OCR model

* mtmd : add --dsocr-mode CLI argument for DeepSeek-OCR resolution control & all native resolution modes work

* mtmd: simplify SAM patch embedding

* mtmd: adapt Pillow image resizing function

* mtmd:  simplify DeepSeek-OCR dynamic resolution preprocessing

* mtmd: remove --dsocr-mode argument

* mtmd: refactor code & remove unused helper functions

* mtmd: fix tensor names for image newlines and view separator

* clean up

* reverting automatically removed spaces

* reverting automatically removed spaces

* mtmd: fixed bad ocr check in Deepseek2 (LM)

* mtmd: support combined QKV projection in buid_vit

* using common build_attn in sam

* corrected code-branch when flash-attn disabled
enabling usage of --flash-attn option

* mtmd: minor fix

* minor formatting and style

* fixed flake8 lint issues

* minor editorconfig-check fixes

* minor editorconfig-check fixes

* mtmd: simplify get_rel_pos

* mtmd: make sam hparams configurable

* mtmd: add detailed comments for resize_bicubic_pillow

* mtmd: fixed wrong input setting

* mtmd: convert model in FP16

* mtmd: minor fix

* mtmd: remove tweak to llama-mtmd-cli & deepseek-ocr template

* fix: test-1.jpg ORC issue with small (640) resolution
setting min-resolution base (1024) max large (1280) for dynamic-resolution

* minor: editconfig-check fix

* merge with changes from https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/17909
added new opt to tests.sh to disable flash-attn

* minor: editconfig-check fix

* testing deepseek-ocr
quick and dirty test script comparing results of Qwen2.5-VL vs DeepSeek-OCR

* quick and (potential) dirty merge with https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/17909

* refactoring, one single builder function and static helpers

* added deepseek-ocr test to tests.sh

* minor formatting fixes

* check with fixed expected resutls

* minor formatting

* editorconfig-check fix

* merge with changes from https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/18042

* minor
- added GLM-4.6V to big tests
- added missing deps for python test

* convert: minor fix

* mtmd: format code

* convert: quick fix

* convert: quick fix

* minor python formatting

* fixed merge build issue

* merge resolved
- fixed issues in convert
- tested several deepseek models

* minor fix

* minor

* Update convert_hf_to_gguf.py

Co-authored-by: Sigbjørn Skjæret <sigbjorn.skjaeret@scala.com>

* - removed clip_is_deepseekocr
- removed redundant RESIZE_ALGO_BICUBIC_PILLOW resize-algo
- simplified image-preprocessing
- removed/simplified debug functions

* - cleaning commented out code

* fixing instabilities issues reintroducing resize_bicubic_pillow

* - use f16 model for deepseek-ocr test
- ignore llama-arch test for deepseek-ocr

* rename fc_w --> mm_fc_w

* add links to OCR discussion

* cleaner loading code

* add missing .weight to some tensors

* add default jinja template (to be used by server)

* move test model to ggml-org

* rolling back upscale change

* Update convert_hf_to_gguf.py

Co-authored-by: Sigbjørn Skjæret <sigbjorn.skjaeret@scala.com>

---------

Co-authored-by: bluebread <hotbread70127@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Sigbjørn Skjæret <sigbjorn.skjaeret@scala.com>
Co-authored-by: Xuan Son Nguyen <son@huggingface.co>
Co-authored-by: Xuan-Son Nguyen <thichthat@gmail.com>
2026-03-25 19:57:40 +01:00
Richard Davison 1eea6a2968 graph : add optional scale parameter to build_lora_mm [no ci] (#20427) 2026-03-12 00:22:49 +01:00
Richard Davison 5eae9cb1d9 ggml : add NVFP4 quantization type support (#19769)
* WIP: add NVFP4 quantization support

* tests

* improve NVFP4 dot product implementation performance and fix bad super call

* typo

* Use nvfp4 kvalues

* vulkan : fix NVFP4 shader compilation by including kvalues_mxfp4 lookup table

* vulcal and perf fixes

* wip

* Fix metal

* fix vulcan

* Rename threshold & fix wrong scale

* Fix MOE

* Shelf backend implementations (CUDA, Metal, Vulkan, arch-specific SIMD)

Remove NVFP4 support from GPU backends and architecture-specific
optimized dot products. These should be added in separate PRs so
backend specialists can review them independently.

Reverted files:
- ggml-cuda: common.cuh, convert.cu, mmq.cu/cuh, mmvq.cu, vecdotq.cuh,
  quantize.cu/cuh, mma.cuh, ggml-cuda.cu, fattn-tile.cuh
- ggml-metal: ggml-metal.metal, ggml-metal-device.cpp, ggml-metal-impl.h,
  ggml-metal-ops.cpp
- ggml-vulkan: ggml-vulkan.cpp, all vulkan-shaders/*
- ggml-cpu arch: arm/quants.c, x86/quants.c, powerpc/quants.c, s390/quants.c

Core NVFP4 support (type definition, CPU fallback dot product,
quantization, dequantization, conversion) is retained.

* Fix arch-fallback.h: add NVFP4 generic fallback for all platforms

After shelving backend-specific SIMD implementations, the generic
CPU dot product needs to be aliased on ARM, x86, PowerPC, and s390
platforms that previously relied on arch-specific versions.

* quantize: add NVFP4 as a quantization type option

* Fix ggml_fp32_to_ue4m3: handle subnormal values

Previously, values with ue4m3_exp <= 0 were clamped to 0, causing
all small scales to underflow. This made NVFP4 quantization via
llama-quantize produce garbage (PPL = 5.8M) since typical transformer
weights have amax/6.0 in the range 0.001-0.01, which falls in the
UE4M3 subnormal range.

Now subnormals are properly encoded as man * 2^-9 (exp=0, man=1..7),
matching the decode path in ggml_ue4m3_to_fp32.

Result: NVFP4 requantization now produces PPL = 15.25 (vs F16 = 14.33),
comparable to Q4_1 (PPL = 15.81) at slightly lower BPW (4.70 vs 5.15).

* Restore ARM NEON NVFP4 dot product implementation

Restores the optimized ggml_vec_dot_nvfp4_q8_0 for ARM NEON using
vqtbl1q_s8 lookup and ggml_vdotq_s32 dot products.

tg128 performance: 4.37 t/s (generic) -> 13.66 t/s (NEON) = 3.1x speedup

* Optimize ARM NEON NVFP4 dot product: LUT + vpaddq + vfmaq

- Add ue4m3_scale_lut[128] to ggml-common.h replacing branch-heavy
  ggml_ue4m3_to_fp32() in the hot loop
- Use vpaddq_s32 for pairwise int32 reduction instead of vaddvq_s32
- Accumulate with vfmaq_f32 into float32x4_t vector accumulators

tg128: 8.1 -> 31.0 t/s (3.8x speedup, 77% of Q4_1 speed)

* ARM NEON NVFP4: rearrange q8 to match nibble layout

Alternative approach: rearrange q8 data to match the NVFP4 lo/hi
nibble layout instead of rearranging the looked-up NVFP4 values.
Eliminates vcombine_s8(vget_low, vget_low) shuffles.

Performance is equivalent (~18.5 t/s) - the bottleneck is the 2x
block overhead from QK=16 vs QK=32, not the shuffle instructions.

* CPU only backend 64 super-block layout

* cleanup

* Remove unused LUT

* int

* exclude NVFP4 from unsupported ops in metal build

* remove quantization for now

* store scales as native UE4M3, preserve original model bits when possible

* Update convert_hf_to_gguf.py

Co-authored-by: Sigbjørn Skjæret <sigbjorn.skjaeret@scala.com>

* correct comment

* format

* reduce duplication and cleanup

* Address comments

* move detection to prepare_tensors

* Use math instead of const

* Move

* fix comment

* Shelf quantize tests

* Rebase and move check

* cleanup

* lint

* Update gguf-py/gguf/scripts/gguf_convert_endian.py

Co-authored-by: Sigbjørn Skjæret <sigbjorn.skjaeret@scala.com>

* Use fallback quant config

* Simplify

Co-authored-by: Sigbjørn Skjæret <sigbjorn.skjaeret@scala.com>

* organize

* Refactor

* Update convert_hf_to_gguf.py

Co-authored-by: Sigbjørn Skjæret <sigbjorn.skjaeret@scala.com>

* Update convert_hf_to_gguf.py

Co-authored-by: Sigbjørn Skjæret <sigbjorn.skjaeret@scala.com>

* Update convert_hf_to_gguf.py

Co-authored-by: Sigbjørn Skjæret <sigbjorn.skjaeret@scala.com>

* add quantize_nvfp4 (required for test_quants.py)

* add quantize_nvfp4 (required for test_quants.py)

* add quantize_nvfp4 (required for test_quants.py)

* fix return type

---------

Co-authored-by: Sigbjørn Skjæret <sigbjorn.skjaeret@scala.com>
2026-03-11 21:02:54 +01:00
Vinicios Lugli 4d99d45084 model : qwen3vl reranker text support (#20332)
* model : fix qwen3vl reranker support

* Remove CLS_OUT

Co-authored-by: Sigbjørn Skjæret <sigbjorn.skjaeret@scala.com>

---------

Co-authored-by: Sigbjørn Skjæret <sigbjorn.skjaeret@scala.com>
2026-03-10 23:40:14 +01:00
Xuan-Son Nguyen 59db9a357d llama: dynamic head_dim and n_rot for SWA (#20301)
* llama: dynamic head_dim and n_rot for SWA

* also add gguf_writer wrappers

* fix build

* build_rope_shift arg reorder
2026-03-09 22:22:39 +01:00
Sigbjørn Skjæret 35bee031e1 graph : remove redundant scale_w parameter (#20235) 2026-03-08 18:58:28 +01:00
Johannes Gäßler a976ff081b llama: end-to-end tests (#19802)
* tests: add end-to-end tests per model architecture

* fixup for rebase

* fix use-after-free in llama-model-loader.cpp

* fix CI

* fix WebGPU

* fix CI

* disable CI for macOS-latest-cmake-arm64

* use expert_weights_scale only if != 0.0f

* comments
2026-03-08 12:30:21 +01:00
Marcel Petrick 92f7da00b4 chore : correct typos [no ci] (#20041)
* fix(docs): correct typos found during code review

Non-functional changes only:
- Fixed minor spelling mistakes in comments
- Corrected typos in user-facing strings
- No variables, logic, or functional code was modified.

Signed-off-by: Marcel Petrick <mail@marcelpetrick.it>

* Update docs/backend/CANN.md

Co-authored-by: Aaron Teo <taronaeo@gmail.com>

* Revert "Auxiliary commit to revert individual files from 846d1c301281178efbc6ce6060ad34c1ebe45af8"

This reverts commit 02fcf0c7db661d5ff3eff96b2b2db9fdb7213256.

* Update tests/test-backend-ops.cpp

Co-authored-by: Sigbjørn Skjæret <sigbjorn.skjaeret@scala.com>

* Update tests/test-backend-ops.cpp

Co-authored-by: Sigbjørn Skjæret <sigbjorn.skjaeret@scala.com>

---------

Signed-off-by: Marcel Petrick <mail@marcelpetrick.it>
Co-authored-by: Aaron Teo <taronaeo@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Sigbjørn Skjæret <sigbjorn.skjaeret@scala.com>
2026-03-05 08:50:21 +01:00
Aman Gupta b68d75165a llama: Add option to merge gate and exp weights (#19139)
* llama: Add option to merge gate and exp weights

* Update convert_hf_to_gguf.py

Co-authored-by: Sigbjørn Skjæret <sigbjorn.skjaeret@scala.com>

* Update convert_hf_to_gguf.py

Co-authored-by: Sigbjørn Skjæret <sigbjorn.skjaeret@scala.com>

* update constants.py

* add gate_up for the all MoE models

* convert: simplify merge tensor condition

* update constants.py

* reduce number of models, add create_tensor_gate_up helper

---------

Co-authored-by: Sigbjørn Skjæret <sigbjorn.skjaeret@scala.com>
2026-02-26 21:01:08 +08:00
3 a l i 2bf318fd2f model : add JAIS-2 architecture support (#19488)
* model: add JAIS-2 architecture support

Add support for the JAIS-2 family of Arabic-English bilingual models
from Inception AI (https://huggingface.co/inceptionai/Jais-2-8B-Chat).

Architecture characteristics:
- LayerNorm (not RMSNorm) with biases
- ReLU² (ReLU squared) activation function
- Separate Q/K/V projections with biases
- Simple MLP without gate projection (up -> act -> down)
- RoPE positional embeddings
- GPT-2 BPE tokenizer

Supported model sizes:
- Jais-2-8B (32 layers, 26 heads, 3328 hidden)
- Jais-2-70B (68 layers, 56 heads, 7168 hidden)

Tested with quantizations: BF16, Q8_0, Q6_K, Q5_K_M, Q5_0, Q4_K_M, Q4_0, Q3_K_M, Q2_K

Note: JAIS-2 requires F32 precision accumulators for numerical stability
and uses standard attention (not flash attention) on CUDA backends.

* fix: run convert_hf_to_gguf_update.py for jais-2 tokenizer hash

* fix: use NEOX RoPE type for JAIS2

* fix: remove Q/K permutation (NEOX RoPE doesn't need it)

* fix: enable flash attention for JAIS2 (fixed by #19115)

* fix: add dedicated JAIS2 pre-tokenizer type and control vector support

- Add LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_JAIS2 with cascading whitespace regex
- Include original regex from tokenizer.json as comment
- Add build_cvec call for control vector support

* no longer necessary to override set_vocab

---------

Co-authored-by: Sigbjørn Skjæret <sigbjorn.skjaeret@scala.com>
2026-02-19 13:30:17 +01:00
Tarek Dakhran 8004f3a8d1 model : add tokenizer from LFM2.5-Audio-1.5B (#19687)
* model : Add tokenizer from LFM2.5-Audio-1.5B

[LFM2.5-Audio-1.5B](https://huggingface.co/LiquidAI/LFM2.5-Audio-1.5B) introduced lightweight audio tokenizer.

Tokenizer based on LFM2 architecture and acts as "embedding" model with
different input `n_embd` and output `n_embd_out`.

To be used in https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/18641.

To convert use

```shell
python3 convert_hf_to_gguf.py /path/to/LFM2.5-Audio-1.5B/audio_detokenizer
```

* Update convert_hf_to_gguf.py

Co-authored-by: Sigbjørn Skjæret <sigbjorn.skjaeret@scala.com>

* Formatting

* Rework check for attention layers

* Add LFM2 SWA model support

* Address PR feedback

* Set vocab to none

* Move helper function definitions to cpp file

---------

Co-authored-by: Sigbjørn Skjæret <sigbjorn.skjaeret@scala.com>
2026-02-19 09:54:48 +01:00
Ryan Mangeno c0d0430340 model : full modern bert support (#18330)
* full modern bert support

* added gelu op in rank pooling for modern bert

* still working on stuff, added mean calculation before classifier head

* Update convert_hf_to_gguf.py

Co-authored-by: Sigbjørn Skjæret <sigbjorn.skjaeret@scala.com>

* first layer is dense, as per modern bert research paper

* Update src/llama-graph.cpp

Co-authored-by: Sigbjørn Skjæret <sigbjorn.skjaeret@scala.com>

* fixed set input for mean pooling to check if pooling type is ranking since modern bert does mean & rank

* Update src/llama-graph.cpp

Co-authored-by: Sigbjørn Skjæret <sigbjorn.skjaeret@scala.com>

* Update convert_hf_to_gguf.py

Co-authored-by: Sigbjørn Skjæret <sigbjorn.skjaeret@scala.com>

---------

Co-authored-by: Sigbjørn Skjæret <sigbjorn.skjaeret@scala.com>
2026-02-19 08:52:21 +01:00
Georgi Gerganov d5dfc33027 graph : fix KQ mask, lora, cvec reuse checks (#19644)
* graph : fix KQ mask reuse condition

* cont : dedup KQ mask build and can_reuse

* cont : fix build

* graph : fix adapter check for reuse
2026-02-16 09:21:11 +02:00
forforever73 b83111815e model : support Step3.5-Flash (#19283)
* Support Step3.5-Flash

* fix: norm.weight + 1 (HF zero_centered=true)

* step35: simplify GGUF conversion + drop redundant rope KVs

* Address review feedback

* rename limits -> clamp

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Sigbjørn Skjæret <sigbjorn.skjaeret@scala.com>

* Apply suggestion from @CISC

Co-authored-by: Sigbjørn Skjæret <sigbjorn.skjaeret@scala.com>

* rename swiglu limits -> swiglu clamp in LLM_KV

* avoid CI fail

* Apply suggestions from code review

* Apply suggestions from code review

* disabled KV shifting for LLM_ARCH_STEP35

* Apply suggestions from code review

* mistakenly removed cmath

* add model size && apply missed suggestion

* assert partial_rotary_factors

* fix CI errors:

* load freq_base_swa

---------

Co-authored-by: lvyichen <lvyichen@stepfun.com>
Co-authored-by: Sigbjørn Skjæret <sigbjorn.skjaeret@scala.com>
2026-02-06 21:06:14 +01:00
ymcki 3688c4f504 Kimi-Linear support (backend agnostic + MLA KV cache) (#18755)
* kimi linear model implementation

* kimi linear convert_hf_to_gguf

* kimi linear constants.py tensor_mapping.py

* Kimi Linear ggml.h

* kimi linear ggml-cpu

* Kimi Linear ggml-cuda

* Kimi Linear ggml.c

* kimi linear src/llama

* remove "const int64_t n_seq_tokens = q->ne[2];" to get rid of unused variable warning

* remove type mismatch warning

* read MoE params

* removed some hard coded code

* removed all hard code

* use DeepseekV2 tokenizer

* removed unnecessary internal methods called by the old set_vocab of KimiLinear

* rewrite get_vocab for KimiLinear. Removed all kda_scan code

* removed all traces of kda_scan

* reduce OP count by 1 due to removal of kda_scan

* Move KIMI_LINEAR to llm_arch_is_hybrid to enable KV cache

* set n_embd_head_k/v to ensure kv cache works

* don't quantize conv1d of Kimi Linear

* Kimi Linear backend agnostic

* removed LOG_INFO

* naive chunking form implemented

* fixed some comments

* add Kimi-K2 specific tokens to be recognized as EOG

* build_kda_autoregressive is implemented to replace build_kda_recurrent for faster inference. sync'd to b7682

* replaced Akk and Aqk with mul_mat and clamp

* no clamp version

* Moved Aqk computation out of the loop

* fixed typo and split wkv_b into wk_b and wv_b

* MLA KV cache support

* fix trailing spaces

* moved const llama_model & model; around to follow qwen3next format and see if it cna pass the -Wunused-private-field error

* fix trailing whitespace

* removed traling whitespaces in empty line + make sure indentation is multiple of 4

* try to make lint happy

* remove blank lines to make lint happy

* removed at least blank line containing white space

* fixed flake8 complaints locally

* return ggml_tensor * pair in kda_autoregressive and kda_chunking as in ngxson's Qwen3Next improvement

* removed Kimi-Linear specific change that causes failure at server-windows

* removed private: from kimi_linear to make build checks happy

* removed unnecessary ggml_cont before ggml_reshape

* created static function causal_conv1d to abtract similar code for q/k/v

* merged dt_bias to SSM_DT. Do -exp(log_A) in convert_hf_to_gguf.py.

* reverted to original

* fixed find_hparam calls. Fixed e_score_correction_bias to use bias instead of weight. Removed all ssm_conv bias terms.

* remove DT_B from constants.py. remove one comment line in llama-model.cpp

* new class llm_graph_input_mem_hybrid_k to get around the new MLA change. switch the concat order of ggml_concat calls in kimi-linear.cpp to accommodate MLA changes. Removed support for exp_probs_b.weight

* remove ssm_o_norm_b

* remove ssm_o_norm_b

* changed hparams.kda_head_dim to hparams.n_embd_head_kda. added TODO comment for class llama_graph_mem_hybrid_k

* removed all ggml_cont b4 ggml_reshape_4d

* Whitespace

* replaced all hparams.get with find_hparams

* added new names for n_experts, n_experts_used and score_func in TextModel and removed their code in KimiLinear in convert_hf_to_gguf.py. Removed unnecessary ggml_cont and GGML_ASSERT in kimi-linear.cpp

* use is_mla to switch between different mem_hybrid types

* fixed logical errors in convert_hf_to_gguf.py pointed out by CISC

* removed if else for required parameters kv_lora_rank and qk_rope_head_dim

* add back ggml_cont for Vcur

* minor changes

* removed extra line in llama-vocab.cpp. Added back the comment in llama-graph.cpp

* f16 gguf cannot run without context length

* made a mistake of adding back n_ctx parsing

---------

Co-authored-by: Piotr Wilkin (ilintar) <piotr.wilkin@syndatis.com>
2026-02-06 11:39:58 +01:00
Georgi Gerganov faa1bc26ee sampling : delegate input allocation to the scheduler (#19266)
* sampling : delegate input allocation to the scheduler

* graph : compute backend samplers only if needed
2026-02-03 22:16:16 +02:00
Georgi Gerganov 4fdbc1e4db cuda : fix nkvo, offload and cuda graph node properties matching (#19165)
* cuda : fix nkvo

* cont : more robust cuda graph node property matching

* cont : restore pre-leafs implementation

* cont : comments + static_assert
2026-01-29 18:45:30 +02:00
Georgi Gerganov 8f80d1b254 graph : fix nkvo offload with FA (#19105) 2026-01-26 20:18:34 +02:00
Georgi Gerganov d9c6ce46f7 kv-cache : support V-less cache (#19067)
* kv-cache : support V-less cache

* cuda : better check for V_is_K_view

* cuda : improve V_is_K_view check

* graph : add comments

* hparams : refactor
2026-01-25 15:48:56 +02:00
Georgi Gerganov 557515be1e graph : utilize ggml_build_forward_select() to avoid reallocations (#18898)
* graph : avoid branches between embedding and token inputs

* models : make deepstack graphs (e.g. Qwen3 VL) have constant topology

* ci : enable -DGGML_SCHED_NO_REALLOC=ON for server CI

* cont : pad token embeddings to n_embd_inp
2026-01-23 18:22:34 +02:00
Georgi Gerganov a5eaa1d6a3 mla : make the V tensor a view of K (#18986)
* mla : pass V as a view of K to the FA op

* cuda : adjust mla logic to new layout

* kv-cache : fix rope shift

* tests : remove comment

* cuda : fix reusable_cutoff

Co-authored-by: Johannes Gäßler <johannesg@5d6.de>

---------

Co-authored-by: Johannes Gäßler <johannesg@5d6.de>
2026-01-22 22:09:01 +02:00
Tarek Dakhran ad8d85bd94 memory : add llama_memory_hybrid_iswa (#18601)
* memory : add llama_memory_hybrid_iswa

* Update src/llama-memory-hybrid-iswa.cpp

Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>

---------

Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>
2026-01-21 14:30:23 +02:00
Gabe Goodhart 076b0faf7d graph : clean up t5 input builders (#18795)
* fix: Remove unnecessary `h` loops where `h` was only ever 0

Branch: CleanUpT5InputBuilders

Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

* fix: Remove unnecessary padding loop that is never hit anymore

The upper bound used to use GGML_PAD(n_tokens, GGML_KQ_MASK_PAD), but was
removed in https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/17910 leaving the
loop dead.

Branch: CleanUpT5InputBuilders

Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>

---------

Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <ghart@us.ibm.com>
2026-01-13 09:43:51 +01:00
Tarek Dakhran 73d284a250 model : add LFM2-ColBert-350M (#18607)
* model : add LFM2-ColBert-350M

* llama_model_n_embd_out() - returns `hparams.n_embd_out` if set and fallbacks to `hparams.n_embd`
2026-01-05 19:52:56 +01:00
Georgi Gerganov 2da64a2f8a models : fix backend assignment for Granite/Nemotron graphs (#18599)
* models : fix backend assignment for Granite/Nemotron graphs

* cont : add ref

* cont : move call to build_inp_embd()
2026-01-05 12:34:23 +02:00
Daniel Bevenius d3dce4e0a5 sampling : add support for backend sampling (#17004)
* sampling : add support for backend sampling

This commit adds support for performing sampling operations on the
backend (e.g. GPU) as part of the model computation graph.

The motivation for this feature is to enable sampling to be performed
directly on the backend as part of the computation graph being executed,
allowing for some or all of the sampling to be done on the backend.

For example, the backend sampler chain might select/sample a token
directly in which case only the sampled token needs to be transferred
from device memory to host memory.

It is also possible for the backend samplers to perform filtering of
the logits, or compute and filter the probability distribution, in
which case only the filtered logits or probabilites need to be
transferred back to system memory for further processing by CPU
samplers.

Currently the backend sampling works in a similar manner to how
pooling works, it is a function that is called by build_graph and the
sampler operations become part of the models computation graph.

* llama-cli : add backend sampler configuration

* server : add backend sampling options/configuration

* webui : add backend sampling options

* ggml : add initial cumsum implementation for CUDA

* sampling : enable all backend sampler tests

This commit enables all exisiting backend sampler tests in the
test-backend-sampler. Previously, some tests were disabled because
there were missing ggml operation implementations.

* graph : do not include llama-model.h

* sampling : always expose sampled_ids

This commit precomputes and caches the full-vocab token id list in
llama_context's constructor, so llama_get_backend_sampled_token_ids_ith
always returns a valid pointer.

The motivation for this is that this enables both common/sampling.cpp
and src/llama-sampling.cpp can simplify their logic.

Not all backends samplers that process logits need to set the
sampled_tokens_id as they may not change the order of the logits, for
example the temperature sampler only scales the logits but does not
change their order. Simliar the logit bias sampler only adds bias to
specific token ids but does not change the order of the logits. In
these cases there will not be a device to host copy of the sampled
token ids, and this is the use case where having this precomputed
list is useful.

* sampling : ensure at most one output token per seq

This commit adds a check in the batch allocator to ensure that when
backend sampling is enabled, at most one output token is specified per
sequence.

* CUDA: Optimize argsort for gpu-based token sampling

Argsort is used for top-k currently. WE optimize argsort by 2 things:

1. Use `DeviceRadixSort` for single-row/sequence to parallelize it
   across our SMs
2. Use `DeviceSegmentedSort` for multi-row/sequence as this is the
   correct entrypoint (the function chooses different execution paths,
   it contains `DeviceSegmentedRadixSort` as one of the paths and will
   choose the best one according to heuristics.
   https://nvidia.github.io/cccl/cub/api/structcub_1_1DeviceSegmentedSort.html#overview

Some perf numbers for a RTX PRO 6000:

On the kernel level, tested with
`GGML_CUDA_DISABLE_GRAPHS=1 ./test-backend-ops -o ARGSORT perf`
Before:
```
  ARGSORT(type=f32,ne=[65000,16,1,1],order=0):                  4130 runs -   359.24 us/run
  ARGSORT(type=f32,ne=[200000,1,1,1],order=0):                  8192 runs -   861.34 us/run
  ARGSORT(type=f32,ne=[200000,16,1,1],order=0):                 1343 runs -  1020.01 us/run
```

After:
```
  ARGSORT(type=f32,ne=[65000,16,1,1],order=0):                  4130 runs -   312.41 us/run
  ARGSORT(type=f32,ne=[200000,1,1,1],order=0):                 16384 runs -    63.48 us/run
  ARGSORT(type=f32,ne=[200000,16,1,1],order=0):                 1343 runs -   874.36 us/run
```

---
On the model level, tested with
`llama-cli -m gpt-oss-20b-mxfp4.gguf -n 200 -p "What is
the Capital of Sweden?" -no-cnv -fa 1 --backend-sampling`

Before:
```
llama_perf_sampler_print:    sampling time =       0.25 ms /   207 runs   (    0.00 ms per token, 824701.20 tokens per second)
llama_perf_context_print:        load time =   18215.58 ms
llama_perf_context_print: prompt eval time =      28.20 ms /     7 tokens (    4.03 ms per token,   248.19 tokens per second)
llama_perf_context_print:        eval time =     714.79 ms /   199 runs   (    3.59 ms per token,   278.40 tokens per second)
llama_perf_context_print:       total time =     857.62 ms /   206 tokens
```

After
```
llama_perf_sampler_print:    sampling time =       0.25 ms /   207 runs   (    0.00 ms per token, 828000.00 tokens per second)
llama_perf_context_print:        load time =   18366.92 ms
llama_perf_context_print: prompt eval time =      35.92 ms /     7 tokens (    5.13 ms per token,   194.87 tokens per second)
llama_perf_context_print:        eval time =     532.79 ms /   199 runs   (    2.68 ms per token,   373.50 tokens per second)
llama_perf_context_print:       total time =     683.65 ms /   206 tokens
```

* sampling : remove version from sampler chain

This commit removes the version field from the sampler chain and instead
used the sampler pointer itself for change detection.

* sampling : always populate logits for sampled probs

This commit updates common/sampler.cpp set_logits and
src/llama-sampling.cpp llama_sampler_sample to always populate the
logits field when backend sampled probabilities are available.

The motivation for this is that this ensure that CPU sampler always have
access to the logits values even when probabilites have been produced by
backend samplers.

* sampling : simplify backend sampling logic decode

This commit tries to simplify the backend sampling logic in
llama_context::decode.

* squash! sampling : simplify backend sampling logic decode

Fix condition to check if backend actually sampled tokens, not just that
backend samplers are available.

* common : fix regression caused by extra memory allocations during sampling

* squash! sampling : simplify backend sampling logic decode

The commit fixes a variable shadowing issue in the
`llama_context::decode` function which was introduced in a previous
refactoring.

* squash! common : fix regression caused by extra memory allocations during sampling

Apply the same changes to llama-sampling.cpp, llama_sampler_sample as
were applied in commit 38f408c25.

* sampling : introduce sampling_info struct

This commit introduces a sampling_info struct to encapsulate all
backend sampling related data within the llama_context class.

It also updates to use more descriptive names for sampled tokens and
candidates in the backend sampler ggml data structure.

* sampling : return early if backend sampling is disabled

* sampling : use pinned memory for backend sampling buffers

* common, tools : refactor model loading to support backend samplers

This commit refactors the model loading process in common/common.cpp
to enable backend sampler to be configure prior to the llama_context
creation.

The motivation for this change is that just being able to set/reset the
backend samplers after the llama_context has been created will cause a
resize to occur in llama_context::output_reserve which we want to avoid.

* sampling : add stride variable for clarity

* sampling: clarify candidate ids usage in comments

* sampling : fix copying both sampled tokens and logits/probs from backend

This commit fixes the issue where both sampled tokens and logits/probs
were not being copied correctly from the backend to the host when
multiple backend samplers were used.

A test for this scenario has also been added to ensure that both types
of data are copied correctly when different backend samplers are
employed.

* tests : cleanup test-backend-sampler.cpp

* common : remove build-info.cpp from commit [no ci]

This file was generated during the build process and should not be
included in previous commits.

* sampling : cleanup and clarify output_reserve

* sampling : remove redundant checks for stride and size [no ci]

* sampling : add debug log when backend sampler selects token

This commit adds a debug log statement in the llama_sampler_sample
to indicate when a backend sampler has selected a token for a given
index.

The modification helps in tracing the sampling process and understanding
the flow of control when backend samplers are used.

* examples : update batched to use backend sampling

This commit updates the batched example to demonstrate how to use
backend samplers.

* llama-cli : fix dangling reference to sampler config

* common : initialize backend samplers

* samplers : add missing cont

* sampling : add assertions for contiguous tensors in async copy functions

* examples : add info about hybrid sampling in batched [no ci]

* sampling : remove backend-dist option (wip)

This commit removes the `--backend-dist` option and instead uses the
configured --samplers chain to determine which samplers run on the
backend.

Backend sampling is still enabled using With `--backend_sampling`, and
the sampler chain, either explictly specified using `--samplers` or the
default, is automatically analyzed to determine which samplers can run
on the backend. The system finds the longest contiguous chain of
backend supported samplers from the start of the sampler sequence.
For example:

* If the chain is `top-k -> temperature -> top-p`, and both `top-k` and
  `temperature` are backend-supported but `top-p` is not, then `top-k`
  and `temperature` will run on the backend, while `top-p` and
  subsequent samplers run on the CPU.

* If all configured samplers are supported, the final distribution
  sampling will also happen on the backend, transferring only the
  sampled token IDs back to the host.

* If the sampler chain starts with an unsupported sampler (e.g.,
  `penalties`), all sampling runs on the CPU. Note that this is
  currently the case with the default sampler so to use backend sampling
  it is required to specify a sampler chain. See below for an example.

The following shows how llama-cli can be run with backend sampling:
```console
$ llama-cli -m models/Qwen2.5-VL-3B-Instruct-Q8_0.gguf \
    --prompt 'What is the capital of Sweden?' \
    -n 20 \
    -no-cnv \
    --verbose-prompt \
    -ngl 40 \
    --backend-sampling \
    --samplers 'top_k;temperature'
```
In this case the all sampling will happen on the backend since both
`top_k` and `temperature` are supported backend samplers.

To enable a partial backend sampling (hybrid sampling), for example
running `top_k` and `temperature` on the backend and `typ_p` on the CPU
the following sampler chain could be specified:
```console
$ llama-cli -m models/Qwen2.5-VL-3B-Instruct-Q8_0.gguf \
    --prompt 'What is the capital of Sweden?' \
    -n 20 \
    -no-cnv \
    --verbose-prompt \
    -ngl 40 \
    --backend-sampling \
    --samplers 'top_k;temperature;top_p'
```

If this looks good then I'll follow up with updates the llama-cli and
llama-server documentation to reflect these changes.

* CUDA: Add top-k implementation

* sampling : add min-p backend sampler

* Use `FetchContent` over CPM as it's bundled with CMake

Thanks @ggerganov for the suggestion

* common : add get_active_samplers function to check enabled samplers

This commit adds a function to check if a sampler is actually enabled,
meaning that it does not have values that disables its effect. This is
then used by the backend samplers initialization to avoid considering
samplers that are not enabled when determining the split point between
them.

The motivation for this is that this allows the default sampler chain
for `--samplers` to be used and any sampler that is not enabled will not
cause the backend samplers to be skipped.
For example, before this change if the penalties sampler was included in
the samplers list but had default values that disable it, it would cause
the backend samplers to be skipped entirely.

This commit also contains some refactoring to remove some code
duplication.

* cuda : fix editorconfig-checker warning

* sampling : use argmax for min-p sampling

* sampling : fix temperature check to allow zero temperature

This commit modifies the temperature sampling check to allow a
temperature value of zero. Previously, the check only allowed
positive temperature values, which excluded the valid case of
zero temperature.

The motivation for this is to enable a zero temperature setting which is
also currently causing the following test to fail:
```console
(venv) $ cd tools/server/tests
(venv) $ ./tests.sh unit/test_basic.py::test_load_split_model
```

* cuda : fix top-k compilation when CUB is unavailable

This commit adds a macro guard around argsort_f32_i32_cuda_cub usage
in the top-k fallback path, falling back to bitonic sort when
GGML_CUDA_USE_CUB is not defined.

The motivation for this is that some environments like AMD HIP
do not have CUB available, causing compilation failure.

Refs: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/actions/runs/19728226426/job/56523606840#step:6:208

* sampling : add comments about backend sampler [no ci]

This commit adds a comment to llama_context's constructor explaining why
backend samplers are initialized early in the process.

* sampling : remove backend sampling chain from common_sampler

This commit removes the backend sampling chain from the common_sampler
structure and related functions.

The motivation for this change is that the backend samplers are not
currently set on the context, and if they are they would cause the
a graph reallocation to occur. Instead, the intialization is handled
like it currently is by llama_context's constructor.

* Fix top-k comp & behavior for non-CUB path

Some changes were made in 5ea3be265b
which were incomplete. In the case of non-CUB, bitonic sort and its
limitations of ncols < 1024 have to apply, similar to argsort.cu

* sampling : support intermixed backend/cpu samplers

This commit updates the backend sampling implementation to support
intermixed usage of backend and CPU samplers within the same batch.

The initial implementation was developed as an all-or-nothing solution:
either perform backend sampling for the entire batch, or perform CPU
sampling for the entire batch.

The motivation for this change is to support batches with mixed
sequences. For example, we may have a backend sampler configured for
sequence 0, while sequence 1 in the same batch uses CPU sampling. This
was not supported in the initial implementation.

This issue manifested in llama-server with the webui: decoding with
backend samplers would work initially, but after changing to CPU
sampling, a slot (sequence) could still be using a backend sampler.
This meant that logits in output_reserve would not be allocated,
resulting in an error.

The solution in this commit inspects the batch to determine which
sampling modes are needed and allocates buffers accordingly. However,
there is a known inefficiency: when we have intermixed backend/CPU
samplers in the same batch, we currently copy all logits to the host,
even for sequences using backend samplers.

Added test_backend_cpu_mixed_batch to verify correct behavior with
mixed backend/CPU samplers in a single batch, including dynamic
sampler switching between decode calls.

* squash! sampling : support intermixed backend/cpu samplers

Add check that logits is not null which is can happen for embeddings.

* squash! sampling : support intermixed backend/cpu samplers

Fix llama-save-load-state which currently fails by handling the case
when batch.logits is nullptr (like when loading state) by allocating
space for all outputs as CPU logits.

* refactor : simplify and improve memory management

* Add initial version for top-p sampling

As we only support static graphs for the time and we don't know the size
of the output of top-p, we have to do value-scaling same as for min-p
operator.

Further improvements can be applied to the unit-test (i.e. check for
equivalence of top_p happening on backend with top_p happening on cpu)
and also by constructing candidates and sorting those as opposed to
reversing the sort of the logits (this would be arange +
get_rows instead of argsort + get_rows)

* sampling : use logits directly for min-p filtering

* sampling : simplify

* llama : simplify

* llama : cleanup + naming

* llama : call backend_init once

* llama : reserve graphs with samplers

* llama : naming

* cont : naming

* sampling : lower log level for output buffer reallocations [no ci]

This commit changes the logging level for output buffer reallocations
in the llama_context::output_reserve function from INFO to DEBUG.

The motivation for this is that it currently logs to info and when
enabling verbose logging for llama-cli this will get mixed with the
output, for example:

```console
What is the capital of Sweden?output_reserve: reallocating output buffer from size 0.58 MiB to 1.74 MiB
 1. Stockholm
2\. Helsinki
Based are the options
1. Stockholm
Explanation: Stockholm is the capital of
...
```

* Fix backend_top_p_sampler

softmax(softmax) will return uniform distribution, so we should not
return the softmax but the logits instead.

* Factor out `ggml_sort` into its own function

* Make backend's top_p sampler inclusive

In addition to match the algorithm proposed in the original
[paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.09751), this resolves the edge-case
where `max_p is > top_p` for a single logit, where the mask would
otherwise be empty (and we thus sample from the whole vocabulary with
equal likelihood)

* common : simplify sampler chain initialization

* sampling : do not create empty samplers

* sampling : fix top_p empty condition

* examples : remove outdated backend sampling section

This commit removes the outdated section about using backend samplers
from the README.md file in the examples/batched.

* sampling : fix backend temp sampler for zero temperature

This commit fixes the implementation of the temperature-based sampler
for the case when the temperature is set to zero. This now correctly
selects the most probable token by masking out all other tokens in the
logits.

* CUDA: Move cccl fetch to after cuda has been enabled in CMakeLists.txt

This will allow cccl to set build flags for the CUDA compiler, required
e.g. for MSVC compat, see also
https://github.com/NVIDIA/cccl/pull/6791

* CUDA: Use standard-compliant preprocessor for MSVC builds

Workarounds of https://github.com/NVIDIA/cccl/pull/6791 will not be
backported to CCCL 3.2, only the diagnostics/error messages will:
https://github.com/NVIDIA/cccl/pull/6827

* CUDA: Update CCCL's rc candidate

* squash! sampling : fix backend temp sampler for zero temperature

This modifies the parent commit to simply return the most probably token
instead of masking the logits.

* sampling : implement temp_ext_backend sampling

This commit implements the apply function for the extended temperature
sampling.

* sampling : minor cleanup

* sampling : stop short if backend sampler sampled a token

This commit modifies the graph building logic to immediately continue
when a token has already been sampled by the backend sampler.

It also updates the test for backend temporary sampling to include
top-k and distribution samplers in the chain to verify that they are not
producing any logits (they are not run).

* Revert "sampling : stop short if backend sampler sampled a token"

This reverts commit 87b2719eca.

* sampling : fix backend temp sampling to use logits masking

* sampling : simplify temp sampling

* sampling : remove redundant calls to ggml_build_forward_expand

* sampling : check backend support during init

* cont : keep backend sampling disabled for now

* sampling : fix outputs and device checks

* sampling : fix candidates logic

* Add perf-tests for CUMSUM

* Readd `cub::DeviceScan::InclusiveSum`-based CumSum

For single rows and large columns doing a for-loop over the function
`cub::DeviceScan::InclusiveSum` offered by CUB outperforms the
`cumsum_cub_kernel` where `cub::BlockScan` is used.

Numbers before this change

  Backend 1/3: CUDA0
  Device description: NVIDIA RTX 6000 Ada Generation
  Device memory: 48510 MB (48039 MB free)

  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[128,128,4,4]):                  311258 runs -     3.26 us/run -     2048 kB/run -  599.76 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[2048,16,5,4]):                  229390 runs -     4.40 us/run -     5120 kB/run - 1110.23 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[20000,10,4,1]):                  37583 runs -    29.63 us/run -     6250 kB/run -  201.18 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[128,1,1,1]):                    892819 runs -     1.12 us/run -        1 kB/run -    0.85 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[1024,1,1,1]):                   450505 runs -     2.25 us/run -        8 kB/run -    3.39 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[4096,1,1,1]):                   155629 runs -     6.61 us/run -       32 kB/run -    4.62 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[8192,1,1,1]):                    81910 runs -    12.60 us/run -       64 kB/run -    4.85 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[16384,1,1,1]):                   49146 runs -    23.99 us/run -      128 kB/run -    5.09 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[32768,1,1,1]):                   24573 runs -    47.10 us/run -      256 kB/run -    5.18 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[65536,1,1,1]):                   16382 runs -    93.57 us/run -      512 kB/run -    5.22 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[131072,1,1,1]):                   8191 runs -   184.79 us/run -     1024 kB/run -    5.29 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[200000,1,1,1]):                   8191 runs -   280.43 us/run -     1562 kB/run -    5.31 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[2000000,1,1,1]):                  2148 runs -  2771.23 us/run -    15625 kB/run -    5.38 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[128,4,1,1]):                    458696 runs -     2.21 us/run -        4 kB/run -    1.73 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[1024,4,1,1]):                   360404 runs -     2.82 us/run -       32 kB/run -   10.83 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[4096,4,1,1]):                   147438 runs -     7.12 us/run -      128 kB/run -   17.15 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[8192,4,1,1]):                    81910 runs -    12.90 us/run -      256 kB/run -   18.92 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[16384,4,1,1]):                   49146 runs -    24.32 us/run -      512 kB/run -   20.08 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[32768,4,1,1]):                   24573 runs -    47.28 us/run -     1024 kB/run -   20.66 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[65536,4,1,1]):                   16382 runs -    93.21 us/run -     2048 kB/run -   20.96 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[131072,4,1,1]):                   8191 runs -   185.04 us/run -     4096 kB/run -   21.11 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[200000,4,1,1]):                   5369 runs -   282.08 us/run -     6250 kB/run -   21.13 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[2000000,4,1,1]):                   537 runs -  2806.46 us/run -    62500 kB/run -   21.26 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[128,8,1,1]):                    458696 runs -     2.20 us/run -        8 kB/run -    3.47 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[1024,8,1,1]):                   360404 runs -     2.82 us/run -       64 kB/run -   21.66 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[4096,8,1,1]):                   147438 runs -     7.12 us/run -      256 kB/run -   34.28 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[8192,8,1,1]):                    81910 runs -    12.90 us/run -      512 kB/run -   37.84 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[16384,8,1,1]):                   49146 runs -    24.32 us/run -     1024 kB/run -   40.15 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[32768,8,1,1]):                   24573 runs -    47.28 us/run -     2048 kB/run -   41.31 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[65536,8,1,1]):                   16382 runs -    93.20 us/run -     4096 kB/run -   41.92 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[131072,8,1,1]):                   8194 runs -   185.05 us/run -     8192 kB/run -   42.22 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[200000,8,1,1]):                   5370 runs -   282.15 us/run -    12500 kB/run -   42.26 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[2000000,8,1,1]):                   269 runs -  4067.61 us/run -   125000 kB/run -   29.36 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[128,16,1,1]):                   303067 runs -     3.32 us/run -       16 kB/run -    4.60 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[1024,16,1,1]):                  303067 runs -     3.32 us/run -      128 kB/run -   36.76 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[4096,16,1,1]):                  147438 runs -     7.17 us/run -      512 kB/run -   68.13 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[8192,16,1,1]):                   81910 runs -    12.90 us/run -     1024 kB/run -   75.68 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[16384,16,1,1]):                  49146 runs -    24.33 us/run -     2048 kB/run -   80.28 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[32768,16,1,1]):                  24573 runs -    47.30 us/run -     4096 kB/run -   82.59 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[65536,16,1,1]):                  12291 runs -    93.24 us/run -     8192 kB/run -   83.80 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[131072,16,1,1]):                  6147 runs -   185.07 us/run -    16384 kB/run -   84.45 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[200000,16,1,1]):                  4029 runs -   282.40 us/run -    25000 kB/run -   84.46 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[2000000,16,1,1]):                  270 runs -  4118.40 us/run -   250000 kB/run -   58.11 GB/s
  Backend CUDA0: OK
Backend 2/3: CUDA1
  Device description: NVIDIA RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Max-Q Workstation Edition
  Device memory: 97250 MB (96677 MB free)

  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[128,128,4,4]):                  368595 runs -     2.73 us/run -     2048 kB/run -  715.83 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[2048,16,5,4]):                  216282 runs -     4.72 us/run -     5120 kB/run - 1035.32 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[20000,10,4,1]):                  32214 runs -    34.33 us/run -     6250 kB/run -  173.64 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[128,1,1,1]):                    810909 runs -     1.24 us/run -        1 kB/run -    0.77 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[1024,1,1,1]):                   401359 runs -     2.52 us/run -        8 kB/run -    3.03 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[4096,1,1,1]):                   139247 runs -     7.44 us/run -       32 kB/run -    4.10 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[8192,1,1,1]):                    73719 runs -    14.27 us/run -       64 kB/run -    4.28 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[16384,1,1,1]):                   40955 runs -    27.24 us/run -      128 kB/run -    4.48 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[32768,1,1,1]):                   24573 runs -    53.46 us/run -      256 kB/run -    4.57 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[65536,1,1,1]):                   16382 runs -   105.29 us/run -      512 kB/run -    4.64 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[131072,1,1,1]):                   8191 runs -   210.15 us/run -     1024 kB/run -    4.65 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[200000,1,1,1]):                   8191 runs -   318.22 us/run -     1562 kB/run -    4.68 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[2000000,1,1,1]):                  2148 runs -  3142.23 us/run -    15625 kB/run -    4.74 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[128,4,1,1]):                    303067 runs -     3.34 us/run -        4 kB/run -    1.14 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[1024,4,1,1]):                   253921 runs -     4.03 us/run -       32 kB/run -    7.58 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[4096,4,1,1]):                   122865 runs -     8.20 us/run -      128 kB/run -   14.89 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[8192,4,1,1]):                    73719 runs -    14.96 us/run -      256 kB/run -   16.32 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[16384,4,1,1]):                   40955 runs -    28.66 us/run -      512 kB/run -   17.04 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[32768,4,1,1]):                   24573 runs -    54.21 us/run -     1024 kB/run -   18.01 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[65536,4,1,1]):                   16382 runs -   106.49 us/run -     2048 kB/run -   18.34 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[131072,4,1,1]):                   8191 runs -   210.88 us/run -     4096 kB/run -   18.52 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[200000,4,1,1]):                   5369 runs -   321.77 us/run -     6250 kB/run -   18.53 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[2000000,4,1,1]):                   537 runs -  3191.79 us/run -    62500 kB/run -   18.69 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[128,8,1,1]):                    376786 runs -     2.67 us/run -        8 kB/run -    2.86 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[1024,8,1,1]):                   245730 runs -     4.10 us/run -       64 kB/run -   14.90 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[4096,8,1,1]):                   122865 runs -     8.20 us/run -      256 kB/run -   29.79 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[8192,8,1,1]):                    65528 runs -    16.38 us/run -      512 kB/run -   29.82 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[16384,8,1,1]):                   40955 runs -    28.69 us/run -     1024 kB/run -   34.04 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[32768,8,1,1]):                   24573 runs -    55.28 us/run -     2048 kB/run -   35.33 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[65536,8,1,1]):                   16382 runs -   108.50 us/run -     4096 kB/run -   36.00 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[131072,8,1,1]):                   8194 runs -   213.75 us/run -     8192 kB/run -   36.55 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[200000,8,1,1]):                   5370 runs -   326.31 us/run -    12500 kB/run -   36.54 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[2000000,8,1,1]):                   538 runs -  3252.68 us/run -   125000 kB/run -   36.72 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[128,16,1,1]):                   303067 runs -     3.32 us/run -       16 kB/run -    4.60 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[1024,16,1,1]):                  253921 runs -     4.06 us/run -      128 kB/run -   30.09 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[4096,16,1,1]):                  122865 runs -     8.20 us/run -      512 kB/run -   59.57 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[8192,16,1,1]):                   65528 runs -    16.38 us/run -     1024 kB/run -   59.63 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[16384,16,1,1]):                  40955 runs -    28.69 us/run -     2048 kB/run -   68.09 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[32768,16,1,1]):                  24573 runs -    55.28 us/run -     4096 kB/run -   70.67 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[65536,16,1,1]):                  12291 runs -   108.50 us/run -     8192 kB/run -   72.02 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[131072,16,1,1]):                  6147 runs -   213.60 us/run -    16384 kB/run -   73.17 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[200000,16,1,1]):                  4029 runs -   326.04 us/run -    25000 kB/run -   73.15 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[2000000,16,1,1]):                  270 runs -  5458.69 us/run -   250000 kB/run -   43.84 GB/s

----
Numbers after:

Backend 1/3: CUDA0
  Device description: NVIDIA RTX 6000 Ada Generation
  Device memory: 48510 MB (48039 MB free)

  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[128,128,4,4]):                  311258 runs -     3.25 us/run -     2048 kB/run -  601.62 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[2048,16,5,4]):                  229390 runs -     4.40 us/run -     5120 kB/run - 1110.14 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[20000,10,4,1]):                  37583 runs -    29.67 us/run -     6250 kB/run -  200.89 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[128,1,1,1]):                    892819 runs -     1.12 us/run -        1 kB/run -    0.85 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[1024,1,1,1]):                   458696 runs -     2.21 us/run -        8 kB/run -    3.45 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[4096,1,1,1]):                   376786 runs -     2.66 us/run -       32 kB/run -   11.46 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[8192,1,1,1]):                   393168 runs -     2.59 us/run -       64 kB/run -   23.57 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[16384,1,1,1]):                  393168 runs -     2.59 us/run -      128 kB/run -   47.15 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[32768,1,1,1]):                  376786 runs -     2.69 us/run -      256 kB/run -   90.69 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[65536,1,1,1]):                  327640 runs -     3.06 us/run -      512 kB/run -  159.65 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[131072,1,1,1]):                 311258 runs -     3.28 us/run -     1024 kB/run -  297.77 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[200000,1,1,1]):                 270303 runs -     3.74 us/run -     1562 kB/run -  398.14 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[2000000,1,1,1]):                137472 runs -     7.35 us/run -    15625 kB/run - 2026.94 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[128,4,1,1]):                    876437 runs -     1.14 us/run -        4 kB/run -    3.33 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[1024,4,1,1]):                   442314 runs -     2.28 us/run -       32 kB/run -   13.39 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[4096,4,1,1]):                   155629 runs -     6.69 us/run -      128 kB/run -   18.24 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[8192,4,1,1]):                    81910 runs -    12.53 us/run -      256 kB/run -   19.49 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[16384,4,1,1]):                   49146 runs -    24.18 us/run -      512 kB/run -   20.20 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[32768,4,1,1]):                   65528 runs -    15.34 us/run -     1024 kB/run -   63.66 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[65536,4,1,1]):                   73719 runs -    14.76 us/run -     2048 kB/run -  132.35 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[131072,4,1,1]):                  65528 runs -    16.01 us/run -     4096 kB/run -  244.07 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[200000,4,1,1]):                  64428 runs -    16.51 us/run -     6250 kB/run -  360.97 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[2000000,4,1,1]):                 33831 runs -    29.59 us/run -    62500 kB/run - 2016.08 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[128,8,1,1]):                    868246 runs -     1.16 us/run -        8 kB/run -    6.59 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[1024,8,1,1]):                   442314 runs -     2.28 us/run -       64 kB/run -   26.76 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[4096,8,1,1]):                   155629 runs -     6.69 us/run -      256 kB/run -   36.48 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[8192,8,1,1]):                    81910 runs -    12.53 us/run -      512 kB/run -   38.97 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[16384,8,1,1]):                   49146 runs -    24.17 us/run -     1024 kB/run -   40.41 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[32768,8,1,1]):                   24573 runs -    47.53 us/run -     2048 kB/run -   41.10 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[65536,8,1,1]):                   16382 runs -    61.25 us/run -     4096 kB/run -   63.77 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[131072,8,1,1]):                  32776 runs -    31.79 us/run -     8192 kB/run -  245.82 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[200000,8,1,1]):                  32220 runs -    32.90 us/run -    12500 kB/run -  362.35 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[2000000,8,1,1]):                  6725 runs -   151.99 us/run -   125000 kB/run -  785.77 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[128,16,1,1]):                   851864 runs -     1.18 us/run -       16 kB/run -   12.97 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[1024,16,1,1]):                  442314 runs -     2.30 us/run -      128 kB/run -   53.13 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[4096,16,1,1]):                  155629 runs -     6.68 us/run -      512 kB/run -   73.13 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[8192,16,1,1]):                   81910 runs -    12.68 us/run -     1024 kB/run -   77.00 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[16384,16,1,1]):                  40955 runs -    24.56 us/run -     2048 kB/run -   79.53 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[32768,16,1,1]):                  24573 runs -    47.52 us/run -     4096 kB/run -   82.21 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[65536,16,1,1]):                  12291 runs -    93.44 us/run -     8192 kB/run -   83.62 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[131072,16,1,1]):                 16392 runs -    63.36 us/run -    16384 kB/run -  246.68 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[200000,16,1,1]):                 16116 runs -    65.25 us/run -    25000 kB/run -  365.53 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[2000000,16,1,1]):                 3375 runs -   304.46 us/run -   250000 kB/run -  785.98 GB/s
  Backend CUDA0: OK
Backend 2/3: CUDA1
  Device description: NVIDIA RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Max-Q Workstation Edition
  Device memory: 97250 MB (96677 MB free)

  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[128,128,4,4]):                  376786 runs -     2.69 us/run -     2048 kB/run -  727.04 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[2048,16,5,4]):                  216282 runs -     4.64 us/run -     5120 kB/run - 1053.30 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[20000,10,4,1]):                  32214 runs -    34.21 us/run -     6250 kB/run -  174.27 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[128,1,1,1]):                    819100 runs -     1.22 us/run -        1 kB/run -    0.78 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[1024,1,1,1]):                   409550 runs -     2.47 us/run -        8 kB/run -    3.09 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[4096,1,1,1]):                   303067 runs -     3.31 us/run -       32 kB/run -    9.21 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[8192,1,1,1]):                   237539 runs -     4.33 us/run -       64 kB/run -   14.08 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[16384,1,1,1]):                  237539 runs -     4.33 us/run -      128 kB/run -   28.17 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[32768,1,1,1]):                  188393 runs -     5.37 us/run -      256 kB/run -   45.47 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[65536,1,1,1]):                  188393 runs -     5.41 us/run -      512 kB/run -   90.20 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[131072,1,1,1]):                 188393 runs -     5.41 us/run -     1024 kB/run -  180.41 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[200000,1,1,1]):                 188393 runs -     5.41 us/run -     1562 kB/run -  275.27 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[2000000,1,1,1]):                128880 runs -     7.76 us/run -    15625 kB/run - 1920.33 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[128,4,1,1]):                    802718 runs -     1.26 us/run -        4 kB/run -    3.03 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[1024,4,1,1]):                   401359 runs -     2.51 us/run -       32 kB/run -   12.18 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[4096,4,1,1]):                   139247 runs -     7.51 us/run -      128 kB/run -   16.26 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[8192,4,1,1]):                    73719 runs -    14.17 us/run -      256 kB/run -   17.23 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[16384,4,1,1]):                   40955 runs -    27.37 us/run -      512 kB/run -   17.84 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[32768,4,1,1]):                   40955 runs -    26.33 us/run -     1024 kB/run -   37.10 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[65536,4,1,1]):                   40955 runs -    26.19 us/run -     2048 kB/run -   74.59 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[131072,4,1,1]):                  40955 runs -    26.35 us/run -     4096 kB/run -  148.26 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[200000,4,1,1]):                  42952 runs -    24.18 us/run -     6250 kB/run -  246.51 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[2000000,4,1,1]):                 32757 runs -    31.01 us/run -    62500 kB/run - 1923.68 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[128,8,1,1]):                    786336 runs -     1.28 us/run -        8 kB/run -    5.95 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[1024,8,1,1]):                   393168 runs -     2.57 us/run -       64 kB/run -   23.73 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[4096,8,1,1]):                   131056 runs -     7.67 us/run -      256 kB/run -   31.82 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[8192,8,1,1]):                    73719 runs -    14.43 us/run -      512 kB/run -   33.84 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[16384,8,1,1]):                   40955 runs -    27.90 us/run -     1024 kB/run -   35.01 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[32768,8,1,1]):                   24573 runs -    54.63 us/run -     2048 kB/run -   35.75 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[65536,8,1,1]):                   16382 runs -    72.24 us/run -     4096 kB/run -   54.08 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[131072,8,1,1]):                  20485 runs -    52.66 us/run -     8192 kB/run -  148.37 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[200000,8,1,1]):                  21480 runs -    48.00 us/run -    12500 kB/run -  248.42 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[2000000,8,1,1]):                 16140 runs -    61.99 us/run -   125000 kB/run - 1926.51 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[128,16,1,1]):                   786336 runs -     1.28 us/run -       16 kB/run -   11.90 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[1024,16,1,1]):                  393168 runs -     2.57 us/run -      128 kB/run -   47.57 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[4096,16,1,1]):                  131056 runs -     7.65 us/run -      512 kB/run -   63.83 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[8192,16,1,1]):                   73719 runs -    14.42 us/run -     1024 kB/run -   67.74 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[16384,16,1,1]):                  40955 runs -    27.87 us/run -     2048 kB/run -   70.09 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[32768,16,1,1]):                  24573 runs -    54.54 us/run -     4096 kB/run -   71.63 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[65536,16,1,1]):                  12291 runs -   107.53 us/run -     8192 kB/run -   72.66 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[131072,16,1,1]):                 10245 runs -   105.10 us/run -    16384 kB/run -  148.70 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[200000,16,1,1]):                 10744 runs -    95.36 us/run -    25000 kB/run -  250.11 GB/s
  CUMSUM(type=f32,ne=[2000000,16,1,1]):                 5400 runs -   186.97 us/run -   250000 kB/run - 1279.90 GB/s

* sampling : expand support (wip)

* tests : fix memory leaks

* cont : fixes

* tests : check temp back to 0.0

* sampling : fix top-p

* sampling : handle n_probs case

* server : handle unsupported cases

* metal : print node names for debugging

* ggml : remove redundant src in ggml_cast

* ggml-alloc : fix reuse-parent logic for misaligned sizes

* Revert "ggml : remove redundant src in ggml_cast"

This reverts commit 62d1b0082d.

* CUDA: Add Cooperative-Groups-based parallelization of ncols in softmax

Old implementation parallelizes rows across SMs, which does not fit the
needs of backend-sampling (where we have ncols >> nrows and thus want to
parallelize ncols across SMs)

* Add TODOs to and adjust heuristics of row-wise soft_max in CUDA

Heuristics were selected based on the following numbers:

```
-- Before
Backend 1/2: CUDA0
  Device description: NVIDIA RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Max-Q Workstation Edition
  Device memory: 97250 MB (96691 MB free)

  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[4096,4096,5,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                2236 runs -   450.34 us/run -   655360 kB/run - 1401.20 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[12888,256,5,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):               17748 runs -    56.80 us/run -   128880 kB/run - 2168.19 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[77,4096,5,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                 57204 runs -    18.35 us/run -    12320 kB/run -  640.57 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[1024,1024,10,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):               9840 runs -   102.46 us/run -    81920 kB/run -  763.45 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[77,1024,10,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                98064 runs -    10.25 us/run -     6160 kB/run -  573.43 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[256,256,20,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                98310 runs -    10.25 us/run -    10240 kB/run -  953.20 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[64,64,20,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                 172011 runs -     5.99 us/run -      640 kB/run -  101.84 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[77,64,20,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                 172011 runs -     5.97 us/run -      770 kB/run -  123.02 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[8192,1,1,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                 172011 runs -     6.00 us/run -       64 kB/run -   10.16 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[8192,4,1,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                 163820 runs -     6.12 us/run -      256 kB/run -   39.91 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[8192,16,1,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                147438 runs -     6.88 us/run -     1024 kB/run -  141.92 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[16384,1,1,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                122865 runs -     8.20 us/run -      128 kB/run -   14.89 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[16384,4,1,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                114674 runs -     8.87 us/run -      512 kB/run -   55.06 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[16384,16,1,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                98292 runs -    10.24 us/run -     2048 kB/run -  190.82 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[32768,1,1,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                 49146 runs -    21.37 us/run -      256 kB/run -   11.43 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[32768,4,1,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                 49146 runs -    22.54 us/run -     1024 kB/run -   43.33 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[32768,16,1,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                49146 runs -    23.92 us/run -     4096 kB/run -  163.32 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[65536,1,1,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                 32764 runs -    38.94 us/run -      512 kB/run -   12.54 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[65536,4,1,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                 24573 runs -    41.94 us/run -     2048 kB/run -   46.57 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[65536,16,1,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                24582 runs -    43.09 us/run -     8192 kB/run -  181.32 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[131072,1,1,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                16382 runs -    74.56 us/run -     1024 kB/run -   13.10 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[131072,4,1,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                16382 runs -    79.85 us/run -     4096 kB/run -   48.92 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[131072,16,1,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):               12294 runs -    82.41 us/run -    16384 kB/run -  189.64 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[262144,1,1,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                 8191 runs -   145.16 us/run -     2048 kB/run -   13.46 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[262144,4,1,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                 8194 runs -   155.46 us/run -     8192 kB/run -   50.26 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[262144,16,1,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                7175 runs -   160.70 us/run -    32768 kB/run -  194.56 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[524288,1,1,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                 8191 runs -   285.81 us/run -     4096 kB/run -   13.67 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[524288,4,1,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                 4098 runs -   306.91 us/run -    16384 kB/run -   50.92 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[524288,16,1,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                3591 runs -   317.06 us/run -    65536 kB/run -  197.32 GB/s

-- After
Backend 1/2: CUDA0
  Device description: NVIDIA RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Max-Q Workstation Edition
  Device memory: 97250 MB (96691 MB free)

  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[4096,4096,5,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                2236 runs -   450.67 us/run -   655360 kB/run - 1400.15 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[12888,256,5,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):               17748 runs -    56.97 us/run -   128880 kB/run - 2161.50 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[77,4096,5,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                 57204 runs -    18.35 us/run -    12320 kB/run -  640.36 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[1024,1024,10,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):               9840 runs -   102.46 us/run -    81920 kB/run -  763.42 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[77,1024,10,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                98064 runs -    10.25 us/run -     6160 kB/run -  573.43 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[256,256,20,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                98310 runs -    10.25 us/run -    10240 kB/run -  953.21 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[64,64,20,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                 147438 runs -     7.00 us/run -      640 kB/run -   87.26 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[77,64,20,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                 147438 runs -     6.99 us/run -      770 kB/run -  105.05 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[8192,1,1,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                 172011 runs -     6.02 us/run -       64 kB/run -   10.13 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[8192,4,1,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                 163820 runs -     6.12 us/run -      256 kB/run -   39.87 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[8192,16,1,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                147438 runs -     6.91 us/run -     1024 kB/run -  141.40 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[16384,1,1,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                122865 runs -     8.20 us/run -      128 kB/run -   14.89 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[16384,4,1,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                114674 runs -     8.79 us/run -      512 kB/run -   55.54 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[16384,16,1,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                98292 runs -    10.24 us/run -     2048 kB/run -  190.82 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[32768,1,1,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                131056 runs -     8.11 us/run -      256 kB/run -   30.12 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[32768,4,1,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                 49146 runs -    22.54 us/run -     1024 kB/run -   43.33 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[32768,16,1,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                49146 runs -    23.32 us/run -     4096 kB/run -  167.50 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[65536,1,1,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                122865 runs -     8.19 us/run -      512 kB/run -   59.63 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[65536,4,1,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                 40955 runs -    24.59 us/run -     2048 kB/run -   79.43 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[65536,16,1,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                24582 runs -    43.21 us/run -     8192 kB/run -  180.84 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[131072,1,1,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):               122865 runs -     8.19 us/run -     1024 kB/run -  119.25 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[131072,4,1,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                40955 runs -    24.59 us/run -     4096 kB/run -  158.87 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[131072,16,1,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):               12294 runs -    82.37 us/run -    16384 kB/run -  189.74 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[262144,1,1,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):               122865 runs -     8.20 us/run -     2048 kB/run -  238.28 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[262144,4,1,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                36873 runs -    28.66 us/run -     8192 kB/run -  272.61 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[262144,16,1,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                9225 runs -   108.51 us/run -    32768 kB/run -  288.13 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[524288,1,1,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                98292 runs -    10.24 us/run -     4096 kB/run -  381.65 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[524288,4,1,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                32784 runs -    31.74 us/run -    16384 kB/run -  492.43 GB/s
  SOFT_MAX(type=f32,ne=[524288,16,1,1],mask=0,sinks=0,m_prec=f32,nr23=[1,1],scale=1.000000,max_bias=0.000000,inplace=0):                8721 runs -   121.20 us/run -    65536 kB/run -  516.19 GB/s
```

* Fix compiler warnings by casting `const` away

* llama : require backend samplers to be of type llama_sampler_chain

* sampling : use host buffer type for inputs

* Try fixing HIP build errors by adding corresponding #defines

Will likely have to disable for MUSA as I didn't find any docs online

* Fix launch logic when supports_cooperative_launch=false

* Disable cooperative groups for musa

Didn't find any doc online, so I don't even know if they support this

* server : reconnect the backend_sampling setting in the WebUI

* graph : make the compute graph constant with respect to active samplers

* batch : fix sequence id ownage

* graph : respect sampler order for graph reuse

* HIP/MUSA: fix build for backend sampling

* sampling : optimize logit_bias sampler

* cont : fix build

* sampling : generic ggml op support detection

* sampling : fix greedy

* tests : run backend sampler tests always on the CPU

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Johannes Gäßler <johannesg@5d6.de>

* webui : fix lint

* Fix data-race in `soft_max_f32_parallelize_cols_single_row`

By using `tmp_vals` to store both max values and exponential
accumulator there was a potential data-race, where the exponential accumulator
for a given CTA may have written to `tmp_vals` before all others CTAs have
read the max value from it.

To avoid a third g.sync(), an additional temporary data-storage was
added. Given that there are syncs in place after writing to gmem, it is
guaranteed that the previous values for sums/max were read by all CTAs now.

* Apply automated code-formating to softmax.cu

* llama : clarify backend_accept/backend_set_input comments [no ci]

* llama : fix typo in comment [no ci]

* tests : use smart pointers for backend samplers

* tests : use smart pointers for model and context

* tests : remove vocab member from test_model_context

Also includes some minor cleanups related to nullptr checks.

* tests : extract batch info update to separate method

* tests : fix batch token position tracking in test_backend_sampler.cpp

* tests : add --device option support to backend sampler tests

This commit adds support for specifying a device to run the test on.

* common : disable backend sampling when grammar is involved

* Fix different RNG-states between backend-sampling and llama-sampling

By default, we perform a warm-up step where the ggml_cgraph is computed
once. For backend-sampling, this graph contains the sampler, and thus
the RNG state of the backend's dist sampler is advanced once.

Solution to this is to reset the samplers after the warmup has finished

* Make backend dist sampler use same rnd's as dist sampler

We sample in double precision and cast to float to match rnd numbers of
llama_dampler_dist which uses double precision (sampling from
std::uniform_real_distribution<double> and
std::uniform_real_distribution<float> with same rng will produce
different sequences).

* Update CCCL version to v3.2.0-rc2

* Build with CCCL 3.2 for CUDA backends

Gives best perf for backend-sampling on CUDA. Flag can be removed once
CCCL 3.2 is bundled within CTK and that CTK version is used in llama.cpp

* tests : revert server test changes (no longer needed)

* ggml : include cub/cub.cuh instead of block_scan.cuh

This commit updates the include directive in cumsum.cu to use
cub/cub.cuh instead of cub/block/block_scan.cuh.

The motivation of this change is that without it compilation fails
with the following error:
```console
/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/cumsum.cu(196): error: name followed by "::" must be a class or namespace name
      cub::DeviceScan::InclusiveSum(nullptr,
           ^

/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/cumsum.cu(207): error: name followed by "::" must be a class or namespace name
      cub::DeviceScan::InclusiveSum((void *) tmp_alloc.get(), tmp_size, src, dst, ne, stream);
           ^

2 errors detected in the compilation of "/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/cumsum.cu".
gmake[2]: *** [ggml/src/ggml-cuda/CMakeFiles/ggml-cuda.dir/build.make:317: ggml/src/ggml-cuda/CMakeFiles/ggml-cuda.dir/cumsum.cu.o] Error 2
```
Commit 83b3b1c271 ("cuda: optimize
cumsum cub path (#18362)") updated the include directive replacing
device_scan.cuh which is causing this issue.

This commit uses cub/cub.cuh umbrella header which is consistent with
other files in the ggml-cuda directory like mean.cu, sum.cu, etc.

* arg : add shorthand for --backend-sampling

* ci : add server workflow with backend sampling

* sampling : fix reshapes

* server : remove printfs

* sampling : zero-initialize input buffers

* minor : add comments + some cleanup

* llama : assert at most one output token per sequence

* tests : add more top_k tests

* CUDA: Fix non-determinism of CUB-based Top-K

DeviceTopK::MaxPairs is an iterative algorithm, where `d_keys_out` is
written after every iteration. As a consequence, it must not overlap
with `d_keys_in`, or otherwise undefined behavior occurs (keys are no
longer unique in d_keys_in and may map to different values between
iterations)

* CUDA: Optimize index of top_k_cub

By using the fancy
[`counting_iterator`](https://nvidia.github.io/cccl/thrust/api/classthrust_1_1counting__iterator.html#classthrust_1_1counting__iterator)
exposed by CCCL, we can avoid materializing the index to GPU memory,
saving VRAM + 1 kernel invocation

* Apply code-formatting to top-k.cu

* CUDA: Remove obsolete temp_keys from CUB

Since we use cuda::discard_iterator to avoid writing out the keys, we
can directly pass in src instead of copying it to `temp_keys`

* minor : cleanup, TODOs, etc.

---------

Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Oliver Simons <osimons@nvidia.com>
Co-authored-by: Johannes Gäßler <johannesg@5d6.de>
2026-01-04 22:22:16 +02:00
Georgi Gerganov c69c7ebc90 graph : fix graph reuse logic when n_pos_per_embd > 1 (#18566) 2026-01-03 23:59:06 +02:00